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Volume 2, Issue 4, ICCK Transactions on Intelligent Systematics
Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025
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ICCK Transactions on Intelligent Systematics, Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025: 238-247

Free to Read | Research Article | 08 November 2025
Cucumber Leaf Diseases Recognition Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
1 Department of Software Engineering, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
2 Department of Computer Science, National College of Business Administration & Economics, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
* Corresponding Author: Muhammad Zohaib, [email protected]
Received: 21 July 2025, Accepted: 23 October 2025, Published: 08 November 2025  
Abstract
Cucumber cultivation is a vital component of Pakistan's agricultural economy and is a key vegetable in the national diet. However, crop yield and quality are severely threatened by diseases like powdery mildew and downy mildew. Early and accurate disease detection is critical for implementing targeted treatment and preventing widespread infection. This study proposes a deep learning-based framework for the automated recognition of cucumber leaf diseases. We designed and trained a custom Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) from scratch and compared its performance against powerful pre-trained transfer learning models, including VGG16 and InceptionV3. The models were evaluated on a dataset of cucumber leaf images. Our experimental results demonstrate that the transfer learning approach significantly outperforms the custom CNN. Specifically, the VGG16 model achieved the highest accuracy of 98.76% in classifying the diseases. The findings confirm that advanced deep learning models can serve as effective tools for rapid and precise plant disease diagnosis, offering a valuable application for sustainable agricultural practices.

Graphical Abstract
Cucumber Leaf Diseases Recognition Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

Keywords
cucumber diseases
deep learning
convolutional neural network (CNN)
transfer learning
VGG16
InceptionV3
image classification
plant disease recognition

Data Availability Statement
Data will be made available on request.

Funding
This work was supported without any funding.

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate
Not applicable.

References
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Cite This Article
APA Style
Shahid, M. T., & Zohaib, M. (2025). Cucumber Leaf Diseases Recognition Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Networks. ICCK Transactions on Intelligent Systematics, 2(4), 238–247. https://doi.org/10.62762/TIS.2025.363963
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shahid, Muhammad Taimoor
AU  - Zohaib, Muhammad
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/11/08
TI  - Cucumber Leaf Diseases Recognition Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
JO  - ICCK Transactions on Intelligent Systematics
T2  - ICCK Transactions on Intelligent Systematics
JF  - ICCK Transactions on Intelligent Systematics
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
SP  - 238
EP  - 247
DO  - 10.62762/TIS.2025.363963
UR  - https://www.icck.org/article/abs/TIS.2025.363963
KW  - cucumber diseases
KW  - deep learning
KW  - convolutional neural network (CNN)
KW  - transfer learning
KW  - VGG16
KW  - InceptionV3
KW  - image classification
KW  - plant disease recognition
AB  - Cucumber cultivation is a vital component of Pakistan's agricultural economy and is a key vegetable in the national diet. However, crop yield and quality are severely threatened by diseases like powdery mildew and downy mildew. Early and accurate disease detection is critical for implementing targeted treatment and preventing widespread infection. This study proposes a deep learning-based framework for the automated recognition of cucumber leaf diseases. We designed and trained a custom Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) from scratch and compared its performance against powerful pre-trained transfer learning models, including VGG16 and InceptionV3. The models were evaluated on a dataset of cucumber leaf images. Our experimental results demonstrate that the transfer learning approach significantly outperforms the custom CNN. Specifically, the VGG16 model achieved the highest accuracy of 98.76% in classifying the diseases. The findings confirm that advanced deep learning models can serve as effective tools for rapid and precise plant disease diagnosis, offering a valuable application for sustainable agricultural practices.
SN  - 3068-5079
PB  - Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge
LA  - English
ER  - 
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@article{Shahid2025Cucumber,
  author = {Muhammad Taimoor Shahid and Muhammad Zohaib},
  title = {Cucumber Leaf Diseases Recognition Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Networks},
  journal = {ICCK Transactions on Intelligent Systematics},
  year = {2025},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {238-247},
  doi = {10.62762/TIS.2025.363963},
  url = {https://www.icck.org/article/abs/TIS.2025.363963},
  abstract = {Cucumber cultivation is a vital component of Pakistan's agricultural economy and is a key vegetable in the national diet. However, crop yield and quality are severely threatened by diseases like powdery mildew and downy mildew. Early and accurate disease detection is critical for implementing targeted treatment and preventing widespread infection. This study proposes a deep learning-based framework for the automated recognition of cucumber leaf diseases. We designed and trained a custom Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) from scratch and compared its performance against powerful pre-trained transfer learning models, including VGG16 and InceptionV3. The models were evaluated on a dataset of cucumber leaf images. Our experimental results demonstrate that the transfer learning approach significantly outperforms the custom CNN. Specifically, the VGG16 model achieved the highest accuracy of 98.76\% in classifying the diseases. The findings confirm that advanced deep learning models can serve as effective tools for rapid and precise plant disease diagnosis, offering a valuable application for sustainable agricultural practices.},
  keywords = {cucumber diseases, deep learning, convolutional neural network (CNN), transfer learning, VGG16, InceptionV3, image classification, plant disease recognition},
  issn = {3068-5079},
  publisher = {Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge}
}

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ICCK Transactions on Intelligent Systematics

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