Intelligent system is a research field that attracts much attention at present. Most of the researches on intelligent system focus on intelligent technology and its application. However, an intelligent system is first of all a system, which means it should have the characteristics of a system. Design of conventional system is mainly function- or task-oriented, and adaptation to environment is passive, static and regular. However, intelligent system is faced with a complex, random and dynamic environment, and has dynamic interaction with the environment. Behind this interaction behavior is a fusion of perception, cognition, and decision-making processes, supported by multi-source information... More >

The rapid advancement of Internet technology, driven by social media and e-commerce platforms, has facilitated the generation and sharing of multimodal data, leading to increased interest in efficient cross-modal retrieval systems. Cross-modal image-text retrieval, encompassing tasks such as image query text (IqT) retrieval and text query image (TqI) retrieval, plays a crucial role in semantic searches across modalities. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of cross-modal image-text retrieval, addressing the limitations of previous studies that focused on single perspectives such as subspace learning or deep learning models. We categorize existing models into single-tower, dual-tower,... More >