The increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from fossil fuel-based energy systems have accelerated the global push toward cleaner technologies. Bi-facial photovoltaic (BPV) panels, capable of capturing solar irradiance from both sides, have emerged as a promising solution due to their higher energy yield and comparable costs to traditional PV systems. This paper explores the integration of BPV panels into a multi-connected grid comprising nano-, micro-, and main grid layers. A stochastic optimization framework is developed to address the uncertainties of solar irradiance. The problem is formulated as a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model and solved using the Augmented Epsilon Con... More >

The increasing integration of distributed energy resources (DERs), such as photovoltaic(PV) systems and battery storage, into distribution networks necessitates advanced inverter controls to maintain stable grid operations. IEEE Standard 1547 permits smart inverter functionalities, including Volt/VAR control, enabling DERs to autonomously manage voltage fluctuations caused by varying load and generation conditions. However, configuring these Volt/VAR settings optimally is challenging, as default parameters provided by standards may not ensure optimal performance or dynamic stability. This paper proposes a customized, per-node Volt/VAR control optimization framework for single-phase distribut... More >