AI-driven metaheuristic optimization algorithms have demonstrated strong potential in solving complex, high-dimensional engineering design problems. This paper applies and systematically compares three representative swarm-intelligence and evolutionary computation methods—particle swarm optimization (PSO), whale optimization algorithm (WOA), and grey wolf optimizer (GWO)—to the parameter design of LCL filters in single-phase grid-tied inverter systems, a class of problems characterized by nonlinear constraints and competing performance objectives. A structured optimization framework is developed, incorporating an objective function targeting total harmonic distortion (THD) minimization a... More >