Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have great potential in 5G and 6G networks due to their communication capabilities, low-cost, and adaptable deployment opportunities. The use of multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) systems is a more cost-effective and operationally efficient approach compared to using a single UAV system. Compared to a large UAV, flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) with small UAVs have many advantages. This UAV-based architecture typically uses clusters of UAVs, where the UAV acts as a cluster head (CH), collecting information from other UAVs and sending it to the emergency communication vehicle (ECV). Although this model works well in open areas, Non-line-of-sight (NLoS) issu... More >