Microgrids and nanogrids are increasingly deployed to support decentralized generation, local resilience, and renewable integration. However, their growing reliance on digital control, communication networks, cloud services, and IT–OT integration exposes them to diverse cybersecurity threats. Unlike traditional utility-scale systems, microgrids and nanogrids often operate under resource constraints, heterogeneous architectures, and limited cybersecurity expertise, making direct application of large-scale security frameworks impractical. This paper proposes a structured cybersecurity assessment framework for small- and medium-scale energy systems, supporting systematic risk identification,... More >