Achieving carbon neutrality demands a fundamental transformation across energy, industry, technology, and policy sectors, supported by interdisciplinary scientific innovation. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of key technological pathways toward carbon neutrality, including energy decarbonization, resource efficiency, and nature-based solutions. It further highlights five emerging scientific frontiers, that is, photovoltaics with energy storage and electric mobility, chemical CO$_2$ valorisation, contrail mitigation, lightweight and low-carbon materials, and AI-driven healthcare decarbonization, to illustrate the breadth of research contributions essential for a net-zero future.... More >