In urban public transport networks, subway and bus systems complement each other and together form a coupled system that serves passenger travel. However, a disturbance in either subsystem can propagate through coupling nodes across the entire network, thereby reducing overall operational efficiency. Most existing studies focus only on the reliability of a single mode, and few have analyzed the overall reliability of the system while considering the coupling relationship between the two. To address this gap, this paper proposes a probabilistic evaluation model to assess the reliability of the subway and bus coupling system. System reliability is defined as the probability that the network ca... More >