Biodiesel has evolved from a niche alternative fuel into a strategic component of global decarbonization and energy diversification efforts. Its compatibility with existing engines, low sulfur content, and potential integration within circular bioeconomy frameworks position biodiesel as a relevant contributor to renewable energy transitions, particularly in regions with strong agricultural and agro-industrial sectors. Despite substantial progress in feedstock diversification, catalytic innovation, and process intensification, biodiesel production continues to face persistent challenges related to cost competitiveness, sustainability metrics, land use pressures, and scalability. This Perspect... More >