Singapore’s primary and secondary science education is widely recognized for its high performance through systemic reform. The synergistic innovation of its curriculum philosophy, textbook content, and assessment mechanisms warrants in-depth investigation. In terms of curriculum philosophy, Singapore has accomplished a value shift from being “driven by national needs” to “serving life and society,” embodying holistic education as scientific practice through the “3‘IN’” framework. The construction of textbook resources has transcended the boundaries of traditional print media, establishing a four-in-one ecosystem comprising “textbooks, activity books, digital platforms, an... More >