The need for robust information protection techniques has become important in security applications, especially to safeguard secret messages during transmission. The rapid expansion and pervasive use of the Internet have amplified security concerns, particularly regarding the authenticity of digital images, a significant issue in the context of the fourth industrial revolution. Biometric authentication using image watermarking addresses these concerns by embedding biometric information into digital images, thereby ensuring their security and privacy. Numerous recent methods have fused biometric modalities with watermarking techniques to enhance the security and reliability of transmitted mes... More >