Cucumber cultivation is a vital component of Pakistan's agricultural economy and is a key vegetable in the national diet. However, crop yield and quality are severely threatened by diseases like powdery mildew and downy mildew. Early and accurate disease detection is critical for implementing targeted treatment and preventing widespread infection. This study proposes a deep learning-based framework for the automated recognition of cucumber leaf diseases. We designed and trained a custom Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) from scratch and compared its performance against powerful pre-trained transfer learning models, including VGG16 and InceptionV3. The models were evaluated on a dataset of c... More >