This study investigates heat transportation in slip flow of a non-Newtonian fluid with thermal stratification over a stretched surface, a configuration that closely represents many industrial and engineering processes. The inclusion of slip effects and non-Newtonian rheology provides a more realistic description of flows encountered in polymer extrusion, coating technologies, micro- and nano-scale devices, and biomedical systems. Thermal stratification is incorporated to model non-uniform temperature environments commonly observed in heat exchangers, cooling of electronic components, and energy systems. The governing partial differential equations for momentum, energy, and nanoparticle conce... More >

This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation of the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a second-grade nanofluid in a converging/diverging channel, incorporating the significant effects of multiple slip mechanisms. The analysis considers velocity, thermal, and solutal slip conditions at the channel walls, providing a more realistic model of nanofluid behavior in micro-environments or with specific surface interactions. The governing equations, derived from the principles of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, are formulated using a non-Newtonian second-grade fluid model to account for viscoelastic effects, combined with the Buongiorno model to capture the Brownia... More >