This study focuses on the physiological and biochemical responses of Crocus sativus L. (Crocus sativus) root growth under aluminum (Al) stress and the mitigating effects of exogenous polyamines. Measurements of root elongation, Al content, root tip cell viability, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and antioxidant enzyme activities were conducted under Al stress and exogenous polyamine treatments. The results indicated that under Al stress, Crocus sativus L. root tip growth was significantly inhibited, with root tip Al content, Evans blue absorbance, and MDA content all gradually increasing with higher concentrations of Al$^{3+}$. At 0.05 and 0.2 mmol/L Al$^{3+}$ stress, antioxidant enzyme activ... More >