3D-printed ultra-high-performance concrete (3DP-UHPC), which combines high strength, high toughness, and construction flexibility, provides a solution to the reinforcement difficulty of conventional printed concrete. However, the layer-by-layer printing process induces pronounced anisotropy in compressive and flexural properties, which remains a key challenge for engineering applications. We used X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) to quantitatively analyse the internal pores and to reveal the orientation and distribution of steel fibres in 3DP-UHPC. Splitting tensile tests showed that the interlayer splitting tensile strength is approximately 49.3% lower than the conventional splitting tensile... More >

Superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS), characterized by low surface energy and minimal adhesion to liquids, have attracted extensive attention for applications such as self-cleaning, waterproofing, dust resistance, and corrosion protection. Beyond these traditional functions, the de-icing and anti-icing capabilities of SHS have recently garnered significant interest due to their inherent passive ice-shedding behavior. However, a comprehensive, mechanistic understanding of icing phenomena on SHS, along with effective strategies for improving ice-phobic performance, remains inadequately established. This review presents a systematic evaluation of passive and hybrid active–passive anti-icing and de... More >