Earthquakes pose significant risks to infrastructure and supply chains, making the timely and fair distribution of emergency relief materials crucial for reducing casualties and economic losses. This study addresses the challenge of optimizing emergency material dispatch under scenarios where distribution centers fail due to earthquake damage, with the aim of improving both the timeliness and fairness of resource allocation during post-disaster recovery. A multi-objective optimization model is developed, which integrates distribution center failures and the activation of backup centers. The model minimizes total dispatch time, maximizes fairness in supply distribution, and reduces unmet dema... More >