Amid global warming, energy shortages, and the increasing frequency of extreme climate events, the development of sustainable and intelligent underground infrastructure has become a critical strategy for addressing major societal challenges. Unlike surface structures, underground infrastructures are subjected to high stress, dynamic loading, and groundwater erosion. Under such conditions, traditional cement-based materials are prone to strength degradation, fatigue damage, and permeability failure, which significantly limits the service life and operational safety of underground constructions. Incorporating short carbon fibers into cement-based materials not only enhances their mechanical st... More >