ICCK

Yash Gupta

BITS Pilani

Section 01

Academic Profile

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Section 02

Editorial Roles

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Section 03

ICCK Publications

Open Access | Research Article | 25 January 2026
Generalized $L_p$-Norm Based Non-Local Means Denoising
ICCK Journal of Image Analysis and Processing | Volume 2, Issue 1: 17-26, 2026 | DOI: 10.62762/JIAP.2025.744487
Abstract
Non-local means (NL-means) is a state-of-the-art image denoising algorithm that leverages self-similarity by averaging similar patches weighted by the classic $L_2$-norm distance. In this work, we extend the similarity measure to arbitrary $L_p$-norms ($1 \le p \le \infty$) and investigate their impact on denoising performance. We implement and evaluate NL-means with $p = 1, 2, 3, 4, \infty$ and compare via quantitative metrics (MSE, MAE, PSNR, SSIM), residual analysis, and visual inspection. Experiments on the \emph{Lena} image corrupted with AWGN ($\sigma = 20$), a widely used benchmark setting in the denoising literature, show that while $L_2$-norm remains optimal overall, other norms off... More >

Graphical Abstract
Generalized $L_p$-Norm Based Non-Local Means Denoising