Urban parking inefficiency has become a critical challenge in modern cities, leading to increased traffic congestion, higher fuel consumption, and greater environmental impact. This paper proposes an intelligent smart parking management system that integrates hardware sensing, machine learning, and computer vision to enable real-time parking monitoring and automated vehicle identification. The system combines infrared sensors, camera modules, and microcontroller-based control with vision-based parking space detection and automatic license plate recognition (ALPR). Experimental results demonstrate that the parking space detection module achieves an accuracy of 93.97%, while the license plate... More >