ICCK

Saira gul

Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta-87300, Pakistan

Section 01

Academic Profile

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Section 02

Editorial Roles

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Section 03

ICCK Publications

Open Access | Research Article | 07 July 2026
The Ecological Ripple: Investigating Cu and Zn Transfer across Trophic Levels from Fish to Birds in River Kalpani, Pakistan
ICCK Journal of Intelligent Biotechnology | Volume 1, Issue 1: 1-8, 2026 | DOI: 10.62762/JIB.2026.964990
Abstract
This study investigated the distribution and trophic transfer of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) from two freshwater fish species (Channa punctatus and Mastacembelus armatus) to the piscivorous bird Halcyon smyrnensis in River Kalpani, Pakistan. Samples collected from five sites between December 2017 and March 2018 included 64 fish and 15 kingfishers. Target tissues (fish: liver, gill, intestine, muscle; bird: feathers, liver, heart, intestine, muscle, bone, skin) were digested with nitric-perchloric acid and analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry; results were expressed as mg kg$^{-1}$ (wet weight for soft tissues, dry weight for feathers and bones) and evaluated using one-way ANOV... More >

Graphical Abstract
The Ecological Ripple: Investigating Cu and Zn Transfer across Trophic Levels from Fish to Birds in River Kalpani, Pakistan