A series of non-stoichiometric BaK$_{1-x}$Na$_x$Gd$_3$Fe$_5$O$_{15}$ ($x = 0.00$, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30) tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) ceramics were synthesized via solid-state reaction, cold sintering at 150$^\circ$C, and assisted sintering at 400$^\circ$C and 500$^\circ$C. XRD confirmed single-phase TTB formation. Enhanced crystallinity and sharper diffraction peaks with increasing assisted sintering temperature indicated improved grain growth and ordering. Density measurements revealed Na$^+$ substitution combined with salt-assisted processing significantly influenced densification, with BKGF-1NST$_2$ achieving the highest bulk density of 4.32g/cm$^3$. Dielectric characterization showed fre... More >

This study focuses on the solid-state processing optimization of SrTi\(_{1-x}\)Fe\(_x\)O\(_3\) (STFO) ceramics with \(0.00 \leq x \leq 0.11\). X-ray diffraction reveals a single-phase cubic structure (space group Pm\(\bar{3}m\)) with lattice constant \(a = b = c = 3.91{Å}\) and a maximum relative density of \(\sim\)94%. SEM confirms well-formed grains in both pure and Fe\(^{3+}\)-doped SrTiO\(_3\). TGA/DSC indicates low weight loss and high thermal stability for the \(x = 0.09\) composition. Electrical conductivity increases with frequency, accompanied by higher dielectric losses for \(x = 0.09\) and \(x = 0.11\). FTIR verifies the Ti-O octahedral stretching frequency at \SI{530}{\cm^{-1}},... More >