Efficient water and nutrient management remains a major challenge in modern agriculture due to rising fertilizer costs, global water scarcity, and environmental concerns such as groundwater contamination from nutrient leaching. Conventional fertigation typically relies on uniform application rates that neglect spatial and temporal root-zone variability, resulting in inefficient resource utilization. To address these limitations, this study proposes and evaluates an automated Multi-Variable Hybrid Predictive Control (HPC) framework for precision fertigation. The system captures the highly nonlinear dynamics of rapid soil moisture changes and slower nutrient transport using a multi-variable st... More >

Corrosive waste-heat recovery systems suffer material degradation, performance loss and high maintenance when conventional metallic heat exchangers face chloride-, carbonate- and sulfur-bearing condensates. This study presents a multiphysics CFD-electrochemical assessment of silicon carbide (SiC) for heat exchangers, via a 3D shell-and-tube model in COMSOL Multiphysics coupling turbulent flow, conjugate heat transfer, species transport and electrochemical corrosion. The thermal model considered high-pressure ammonia (tube side) and pressurized water (shell side); the corrosion model represented a flue-gas condensate/electrolyte containing Cl\(^-\), NH\(_4^+\), HCO\(_3^-\), CO\(_3^{2-}\), HSO... More >