Polymer-derived carbons have emerged as efficient and economical electrocatalysts for energy-related reactions such as oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution. However, their performance often faces an inherent trade-off between porosity and electronic conductivity, necessitating precise regulation of composition and structure at the molecular level. To enhance the formation of accessible active sites, we construct a series of core@polyaniline precursors with systematically varied organic cores (a nitrogen-rich polymer (NPS), polysaccharide (GluS), and polyaniline (PANI) itself). Metals ions are introduced during the shell polymerization. The resultant core-shell precursors were then subject... More >