The rapid integration of battery energy storage systems (BESS) into modern power grids necessitates robust safety architectures to prevent catastrophic failures such as thermal runaway. Current diagnostic frameworks are often reliant on isolated, single-parameter thresholds and lack direct linkage to hardware-level execution. This work proposes a comprehensive, multi-parameter early warning and hierarchical protection methodology that bridges the gap between software-based fault detection and practical electromechanical response. The proposed algorithm calculates a dynamic, weighted safety score in real-time by structurally integrating internal battery management system (BMS) metrics, such a... More >