Plant factories, as agricultural production systems characterized by high yield, efficient resource utilization, and advanced mechanization, have attracted increasing global attention. Packaging finished vegetables is a critical pre-shipment operation in plant-factory production, and its automation and intelligent control remain urgent research needs. In vegetable-packaging line, an orientation-adjustment mechanism is required to correct the posture of packaged vegetables so that the boxing mechanism can place them neatly in turnover boxes. The operation of this mechanism depends on accurate identification of vegetable orientation. In this study, packaged vegetables produced in a plant facto... More >