We study travelling-wave solutions of the generalized Sharma-Tasso-Olver (GSTO) equation $u_t+\lambda(u^{r})_x+\mu(u^{s})_{xx}+\nu u_{xxx}=0$, in which the exponents $r,s>0$ need not be integers. The classical, modified and generalized Kudryashov methods are applied to the reduced ordinary differential equation. A balance argument shows that the convective term fixes the degree of the expansion through $N=2/(r-1)$, whereas the nonlinear diffusion term requires $N=1/(s-1)$; the two requirements are compatible only when $r=2s-1$, a condition satisfied by the classical STO equation ($r=3$, $s=2$). For the representative non-integer cases $(r,s)=(2,\tfrac32)$ and $(\tfrac32,2)$ we show that boun... More >

In this study, the New Iteration Method (NIM) is employed to obtain approximate analytical solutions of nonlinear fourth-order ordinary differential equations of the general form \[ \mathcal{L}(u) + \mathcal{N}(u) = g(x), \qquad x \in [a,b], \] subject to the two-point boundary conditions \[ \mathcal{B}_1(u)=0, \qquad \mathcal{B}_2(u)=0, \] where $\mathcal{L}$ denotes a linear differential operator, $\mathcal{N}$ represents a nonlinear operator, and $g(x)$ is a given continuous function. The NIM framework constructs a rapidly convergent iterative sequence $\{u_n\}_{n=0}^{\infty}$ whose limit approximates the exact solution. The convergence behavior and numerical performan... More >

This study develops and analyzes a nonlinear mathematical model to describe the dynamics of marriage, extramarital affairs, marital breakdown, and divorce. The population is divided into five compartments: single $S(t)$, married $M(t)$, individuals in extramarital affairs $A(t)$, broken marriages $B(t)$, and divorced $D(t)$. The model is formulated as a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations capturing transitions between these states through parameters representing marriage formation, affair initiation, reconciliation, separation, and divorce. Basic qualitative properties, including positivity and boundedness of solutions, are established to ensure the model is well posed. Equil... More >

Rapid social transformation in metropolitan regions has significantly reshaped crime dynamics, particularly in large urban centers such as Delhi. Understanding whether crime escalation reflects structural social change or random fluctuation is crucial for policy formulation. This study investigates the relationship between social transformation and crime escalation in Delhi within the broader national context of India over the period 2010-2020. The analysis employs a quantitative time-series and econometric framework, including trend analysis, regression modeling, correlation, elasticity estimation, and structural diagnostics. Secondary data are obtained from the National Crime Records Burea... More >

This study explores the application of the Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM), combined with the Laplace transform, to obtain approximate solutions of the time--fractional Wazwaz--Benjamin--Bona--Mahony (WBBM) equations. These equations, which describe wave phenomena in fluid dynamics within a fractional--time framework, present significant analytical challenges. By integrating the Laplace transform with ADM, a modified technique---referred to as the Laplace Transform Adomian Decomposition Method (LTADM)---is introduced. The time--fractional WBBM equations are solved using LTADM, and three--dimensional solution plots are generated for six different values of the fractional order \( \delta \)... More >