Recently, battle royale optimizer (BRO), a game-based metaheuristic search algorithm, has been proposed for continuous optimization, inspired by a genre of digital games known as "battle royale." In BRO, each individual chooses the nearest opponent as a competitor. For this purpose, the Euclidean distance between individuals is calculated. This interaction corresponds to an increase in computational complexity by a factor of n. To improve the computational complexity of BRO, a modified methodology is proposed using a ring topology, namely, BRO-RT. In the modified version, a set of individuals is arranged in a ring such that each has a neighborhood comprising several individuals to its left a... More >

This study addresses invisible watermarking techniques aimed at preserving patient privacy during the sharing of medical images. Digital watermarking is a significant method for protecting the confidentiality of patient data by securely embedding personal information into medical images. In this study, three different strategies were developed and compared using a DCT-SVD-based hybrid invisible watermarking technique. In the first method, the host image and the watermark were of the same size, and direct embedding was applied. In the second method, the host image was divided into sixteen 128x128 blocks, and the watermark was segmented accordingly and embedded into each block individually. In... More >