In urban public transport networks, subway and bus systems complement each other and together form a coupled system that serves passenger travel. However, a disturbance in either subsystem can propagate through coupling nodes across the entire network, thereby reducing overall operational efficiency. Most existing studies focus only on the reliability of a single mode, and few have analyzed the overall reliability of the system while considering the coupling relationship between the two. To address this gap, this paper proposes a probabilistic evaluation model to assess the reliability of the subway and bus coupling system. System reliability is defined as the probability that the network ca... More >

This literature review offers an in-depth overview of recent advances in routing optimization for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), a field central to improving the performance, reliability, and flexibility of UAV systems. The review is organized into five categories: (1) multi-objective mission planning, (2) algorithmic design and optimization techniques, (3) energy efficiency and resource allocation, (4) communication protocols and network management, and (5) context-specific applications and environmental adaptability. The review highlights methodological progress and algorithmic approaches developed to balance competing demands such as mission effectiveness, energy use, and communication... More >

This paper comprehensively reviews literature on the operations management of metro systems, which are crucial for urban mass transit. It classifies the existing research into five categories: 1) passenger demand prediction; 2) timetabling and scheduling; 3) system vulnerability, resilience and performance; 4) resource planning; and 5) evacuation optimization. The paper focuses on publications in the last decade in order to reflect the latest research and industrial trends. In addition, some limitations of the existing literature are located and the potential knowledge gaps are identified. The paper provides a useful reference for developing sustainable and resilient metro systems to meet th... More >