In this study, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO$_2$-NPs) were synthesized via a green, cost-effective method using Azadirachta indica leaf extract as a natural capping and reducing agent. Characterization techniques including UV-vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, and PL spectroscopy confirmed successful synthesis. UV-vis and FTIR confirmed surface functionalization by organic residues, while XRD revealed a well-crystalline anatase phase with average crystallite sizes of 42.2--54 nm. SEM analysis showed predominantly spherical particles (70--90 nm), and EDX confirmed high purity with only Ti and oxygen present. PL spectra exhibited emission peaks at 420, 468, 493, and 539 nm. The green TiO$_2$-NPs... More >

This work reports the performance optimization of PTB7:PCBM-based inverted organic solar cells (IOSCs) using the Organic and Hybrid Materials Nano (OghmaNano) simulator. A comprehensive study was carried out by varying the key performance parameters, such as active layer thickness (AL), charge transport layers (CTLs), operating temperature, charge carrier mobilities(CCMs), and incident light intensity. The results showed that the carrier concentrations and mobilities (e.g, electron mobility ($\mu_e$) and hole mobility ($\mu$h)) significantly changed with operating temperature (280 to 400 K), affecting the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Additionally, changing light intensity from 0.1 to 1... More >