Pakistan ranks among the world's most climate-vulnerable nations, experiencing recurrent floods, extreme heatwaves, droughts, and water insecurity despite contributing less than one percent to global greenhouse gas emissions. Although numerous climate policies and strategic frameworks have been formulated, their implementation remains substantially limited, exemplifying policy paralysis wherein political acknowledgement fails to translate into effective action. This study examines climate change through a public policy and governance lens, contending that the crisis represents primarily an institutional failure rather than insufficient awareness. Key drivers of policy paralysis include weak... More >