The integration of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things (AIoT) enables advanced edge computing but creates significant energy challenges for resource-constrained devices. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a novel comparative taxonomy and a systematic gap analysis matrix that directly maps hardware-aware TinyML paradigms to network-layer scheduling in sustainable AIoT systems. Synthesizing recent empirical studies (2023–2026) on power consumption models for IoT edge devices, machine learning techniques for energy optimization, and sustainable deployment strategies, we demonstrate that additive and regression-based models achieve low prediction error (MAPE 4–... More >