This review article covers the comprehensive incorporation of nanotechnology into cartilage tissue engineering. Specifically, nano-engineered scaffolds which replicate the hierarchical architecture of native cartilage, providing biomechanical support while promoting chondrocyte attachment and extracellular matrix deposition are highlighted. Nanoparticle-based systems which further enhance regeneration by enabling site-specific, sustained release of growth factors, anti-inflammatory agents, and gene therapies such as TGF-β and IL-1Ra, thereby improving therapeutic precision and efficacy are also discussed. Nanotopographical cues and surface functionalization techniques (e.g., RGD peptides) w... More >