This review article covers the comprehensive incorporation of nanotechnology into cartilage tissue engineering. Specifically, nano-engineered scaffolds which replicate the hierarchical architecture of native cartilage, providing biomechanical support while promoting chondrocyte attachment and extracellular matrix deposition are highlighted. Nanoparticle-based systems which further enhance regeneration by enabling site-specific, sustained release of growth factors, anti-inflammatory agents, and gene therapies such as TGF-β and IL-1Ra, thereby improving therapeutic precision and efficacy are also discussed. Nanotopographical cues and surface functionalization techniques (e.g., RGD peptides) which guide mesenchymal stem cell behavior, influencing cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation pathways like FAK, MAPK, and Wnt signaling are also mentioned. Non-viral nanocarriers which offer a safer and effective route for localized gene delivery, minimizing immunogenic risks and providing sustained genetic modulation are also covered. In summary, this review provides promising information for how nanotechnology has aided in all aspects of cartilage tissue engineering.