Plant diseases increasingly threaten global agriculture due to climate change, yet manual diagnosis remains challenging. We introduce B2-GraftingNet, a lightweight deep-learning framework for automated grape-leaf disease detection that combines a VGG16 backbone with Inception-style blocks to learn robust multi-scale cues. Binary Particle Swarm Optimization selects the most informative features before classification. On the public Kaggle grape-leaf dataset, a cubic SVM classifier achieves 99.56% peak accuracy, surpassing standard pretrained CNNs (VGG16/VGG19: 34.04%, Xception: 97.95%, Darknet: 94.91%, ResNet-50: 98.44%) while being faster and lighter. For transparency, we incorporate Grad-CAM... More >

Non-local means (NL-means) is a state-of-the-art image denoising algorithm that leverages self-similarity by averaging similar patches weighted by the classic $L_2$-norm distance. In this work, we extend the similarity measure to arbitrary $L_p$-norms ($1 \le p \le \infty$) and investigate their impact on denoising performance. We implement and evaluate NL-means with $p = 1, 2, 3, 4, \infty$ and compare via quantitative metrics (MSE, MAE, PSNR, SSIM), residual analysis, and visual inspection. Experiments on the \emph{Lena} image corrupted with AWGN ($\sigma = 20$), a widely used benchmark setting in the denoising literature, show that while $L_2$-norm remains optimal overall, other norms off... More >

Poultry farming plays a vital role in global food production, requiring efficient management to ensure productivity and animal welfare. Traditional methods, largely based on manual monitoring, are often inefficient, error-prone, and costly. With the rise of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, intelligent systems now enable remote monitoring and management of environmental conditions, farm operations, and disease prevention. Platforms such as ThingSpeak allow for real-time data collection, processing, and visualization, offering a cost-effective solution for poultry farm management. By integrating sensors to measure temperature, humidity, air quality, and feeding, and by leveraging ThingSp... More >