The emergence of ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, following the FCC’s allocation of the 3.1-10.6 GHz spectrum for unlicensed use, has significantly advanced short-range wireless communication, particularly in biomedical telemetry. This paper proposes a compact UWB microstrip patch antenna (32×32×1.6 mm³) designed for biomedical applications such as brain tumor detection, cancer screening, and health monitoring. The antenna incorporates a miniaturized radiating patch with stair-step and serrated slot structures, as well as a defected ground configuration to enhance impedance bandwidth and reduce electromagnetic interference. It achieves effective operation across the 2.48-10.8 GHz range... More >

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a well-known NP-hard problem that aims to find the optimal tour among cities, visiting each exactly once and returning to the origin. Over the years, many researchers have proposed various approaches to find near-optimal solutions for TSP. This paper proposed a variant of the nearest neighbor algorithm termed the 2-step nearest neighbor algorithm. Unlike the original nearest neighbor approach, this algorithm considers two nearest nodes as potential next nodes. For each of those nearest nodes, the two nearest nodes have been considered. The sub-tour with the minimum cost among the resulting four has added to the final tour. This process continues until... More >