This work investigates the formation and dynamics of electrostatic freak waves in pair-ion (PI) and pair-ion--electron (PIE) plasmas. The analysis begins with the derivation of the Korteweg--de Vries (KdV) equations for both plasma configurations, from which the corresponding nonlinear and dispersive coefficients are obtained. By employing the wave superposition principle, the KdV equations are systematically reduced to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE), enabling the exploration of modulation instability and rogue wave generation. Analytical solutions of the NLSE are utilized to construct parametric plots that elucidate the evolution of freak waves in PI and PIE plasmas. Comparative... More >

This research focuses on the computational analysis and numerical investigation of BrCl ion density within an HBr-Cl_2 capacitively coupled plasma system. A two-dimensional fluid simulation model was developed to examine the influence of varying the HBr: Cl_2 gas ratio on BrCl ion formation. The simulation framework incorporates fundamental plasma fluid equations, including the continuity equation, momentum conservation equations, and energy conservation equations, along with appropriate boundary conditions. The investigation specifically explored gas composition variations ranging from 10% Cl_2 and 90% HBr to 90% Cl_2 and 10% HBr, incremented in 20% steps. The radio frequency (RF) driving f... More >