Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence for Carbon Emissions Monitoring and Forecasting: a Systematic Review of Smart Environmental Accounting Systems

Tsitsi Shannon Chaparika; Monika Gondo

doi:10.62762/JCN.2026.644506

Article Information

Published in Journal of Carbon Neutrality

Volume/Issue Volume 1, Issue 1, 2025

Pages 64-82

Abstract

The growing urgency of climate change mitigation has increased pressure to develop reliable systems capable of monitoring and predicting carbon emissions. Conventional carbon accounting methods based on manual reporting and periodic environmental assessments frequently produce delayed and incomplete emissions data. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. It examines existing literature on the application of digital technologies for carbon monitoring and management. The review focuses on Internet of Things (IoT) sensor networks, artificial intelligence (AI) forecasting models, carbon accounting frameworks and integrated digital carbon management systems. A structured search of five major academic databases yielded 100 peer-reviewed studies, selected and analysed across four thematic areas. Results demonstrate that IoT technologies effectively support real-time environmental monitoring and AI models reliably predict emissions trends. However, the literature reveals persistent weaknesses in the integration of monitoring systems with carbon accounting models. This review identifies critical research gaps and calls for the development of unified IoT–AI platforms to support accurate carbon management and climate governance.

Keywords

smart environmental monitoring systems Internet of Things (IoT) carbon emissions monitoring carbon accounting

Data Availability Statement

Not applicable.

Funding

This work was supported without any funding.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

AI Use Statement

The authors declare that no generative AI was used in the preparation of this manuscript.

Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate

Not applicable.

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Chaparika, T. S., & Gondo, M.(2026). Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence for Carbon Emissions Monitoring and Forecasting: a Systematic Review of Smart Environmental Accounting Systems. Journal of Carbon Neutrality, 1(2), 64-82. https://doi.org/10.62762/JCN.2026.644506

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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chaparika, Tsitsi Shannon
AU  - Gondo, Monika
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/06/30
TI  - Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence for Carbon Emissions Monitoring and Forecasting: a Systematic Review of Smart Environmental Accounting Systems
JO  - Journal of Carbon Neutrality
T2  - Journal of Carbon Neutrality
JF  - Journal of Carbon Neutrality
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
SP  - 64
EP  - 82
DO  - 10.62762/JCN.2026.644506
UR  - https://www.icck.org/article/abs/JCN.2026.644506
KW  - smart environmental monitoring systems
KW  - Internet of Things (IoT)
KW  - carbon emissions monitoring
KW  - carbon accounting
AB  - The growing urgency of climate change mitigation has increased pressure to develop reliable systems capable of monitoring and predicting carbon emissions. Conventional carbon accounting methods based on manual reporting and periodic environmental assessments frequently produce delayed and incomplete emissions data. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. It examines existing literature on the application of digital technologies for carbon monitoring and management. The review focuses on Internet of Things (IoT) sensor networks, artificial intelligence (AI) forecasting models, carbon accounting frameworks and integrated digital carbon management systems. A structured search of five major academic databases yielded 100 peer-reviewed studies, selected and analysed across four thematic areas. Results demonstrate that IoT technologies effectively support real-time environmental monitoring and AI models reliably predict emissions trends. However, the literature reveals persistent weaknesses in the integration of monitoring systems with carbon accounting models. This review identifies critical research gaps and calls for the development of unified IoT–AI platforms to support accurate carbon management and climate governance.
SN  - pending
PB  - Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge
LA  - English
ER  -

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@article{Chaparika2026Internet,
  author = {Tsitsi Shannon Chaparika and Monika Gondo},
  title = {Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence for Carbon Emissions Monitoring and Forecasting: a Systematic Review of Smart Environmental Accounting Systems},
  journal = {Journal of Carbon Neutrality},
  year = {2026},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {64-82},
  doi = {10.62762/JCN.2026.644506},
  url = {https://www.icck.org/article/abs/JCN.2026.644506},
  abstract = {The growing urgency of climate change mitigation has increased pressure to develop reliable systems capable of monitoring and predicting carbon emissions. Conventional carbon accounting methods based on manual reporting and periodic environmental assessments frequently produce delayed and incomplete emissions data. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. It examines existing literature on the application of digital technologies for carbon monitoring and management. The review focuses on Internet of Things (IoT) sensor networks, artificial intelligence (AI) forecasting models, carbon accounting frameworks and integrated digital carbon management systems. A structured search of five major academic databases yielded 100 peer-reviewed studies, selected and analysed across four thematic areas. Results demonstrate that IoT technologies effectively support real-time environmental monitoring and AI models reliably predict emissions trends. However, the literature reveals persistent weaknesses in the integration of monitoring systems with carbon accounting models. This review identifies critical research gaps and calls for the development of unified IoT–AI platforms to support accurate carbon management and climate governance.},
  keywords = {smart environmental monitoring systems, Internet of Things (IoT), carbon emissions monitoring, carbon accounting},
  issn = {pending},
  publisher = {Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge}
}

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