Plant diseases increasingly threaten global agriculture due to climate change, yet manual diagnosis remains challenging. We introduce B2-GraftingNet, a lightweight deep-learning framework for automated grape-leaf disease detection that combines a VGG16 backbone with Inception-style blocks to learn robust multi-scale cues. Binary Particle Swarm Optimization selects the most informative features before classification. On the public Kaggle grape-leaf dataset, a cubic SVM classifier achieves 99.56% peak accuracy, surpassing standard pretrained CNNs (VGG16/VGG19: 34.04%, Xception: 97.95%, Darknet: 94.91%, ResNet-50: 98.44%) while being faster and lighter. For transparency, we incorporate Grad-CAM... More >

Non-local means (NL-means) is a state-of-the-art image denoising algorithm that leverages self-similarity by averaging similar patches weighted by the classic $L_2$-norm distance. In this work, we extend the similarity measure to arbitrary $L_p$-norms ($1 \le p \le \infty$) and investigate their impact on denoising performance. We implement and evaluate NL-means with $p = 1, 2, 3, 4, \infty$ and compare via quantitative metrics (MSE, MAE, PSNR, SSIM), residual analysis, and visual inspection. Experiments on the \emph{Lena} image corrupted with AWGN ($\sigma = 20$), a widely used benchmark setting in the denoising literature, show that while $L_2$-norm remains optimal overall, other norms off... More >

Poultry farming plays a vital role in global food production, requiring efficient management to ensure productivity and animal welfare. Traditional methods, largely based on manual monitoring, are often inefficient, error-prone, and costly. With the rise of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, intelligent systems now enable remote monitoring and management of environmental conditions, farm operations, and disease prevention. Platforms such as ThingSpeak allow for real-time data collection, processing, and visualization, offering a cost-effective solution for poultry farm management. By integrating sensors to measure temperature, humidity, air quality, and feeding, and by leveraging ThingSp... More >

The escalating global prevalence of diabetes renders effective screening for Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) indispensable to prevent irreversible vision loss. Although deep learning models, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), attain diagnostic accuracy comparable to that of human experts, their black-box nature erodes clinical trust. To harmonize accuracy with interpretability, this paper proposes a novel CNN architecture that reformulates DR grading as a regression task. By substituting traditional dense layers with a Global Average Pooling (GAP) layer, our approach substantially reduces model complexity and training time while enabling the generation of Regression Activation Maps... More >

Ultrasound (US) imaging is widely employed in medical diagnostics due to its non-invasive nature and real-time imaging ability. The existence of mixed noise, consisting of Gaussian and speckle noise, significantly impairs image quality, hindering accurate diagnosis. This study introduces an advanced fuzzy logic-based technique for noise reduction to enhance US image quality while preserving essential structural information. The proposed approach utilizes a modified Gaussian membership function to improve the filtering process, ensuring adaptive noise reduction across varying noise levels. The system is evaluated on synthetic and clinical US images using diverse image quality assessment metri... More >

Studies have established that an ideal environment is critical for maximizing a student's learning potential. For educators, monitoring student behavior, engagement, and psychological state is essential for ensuring effective instruction. This paper introduces an automated learning analytics system designed to assist teachers by analyzing these parameters and providing actionable feedback. The system utilizes multiple cameras in conjunction with deep learning and computer vision to record and analyze classroom sessions, assessing student movement, gestures, and posture to generate summary reports. The framework integrates several high-performance models to achieve this. For facial recognitio... More >

Breast cancer remains one of the most significant health challenges, being the second leading cause of death among women worldwide. Early and accurate diagnosis is critical to improving treatment outcomes and increasing survival rates. In this study, we present an innovative application of the WRN-28-2 model, a deep convolutional neural network pre-trained on ImageNet, for the classification of histopathological breast cancer images from the BreakHis dataset. By leveraging transfer learning, the model was fine-tuned to differentiate between benign and malignant cases, achieving a remarkable classification accuracy of 99.16% on the test set. Moreover, the model outperformed existing state-of-... More >

Breast Cancer (BC) is still one of the most significant, life-threatening, and prevalent diseases that affects women all around the globe. The early recognition and strategies of effective treatment measures improve the rate of survival among patients significantly, contributing to a critical research area in medical science. This review presents a comprehensive review of recent trends and advancements in the recognition of BC recognition, diagnosis, and treatment. It covers multiple imaging modalities, including Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), ultrasound, mammography, and histopathology, along with various approaches of Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) that enhance the efficie... More >