Poor aqueous solubility is a critical challenge in drug development, often leading to low oral bioavailability and limited therapeutic efficacy. To address this issue, advanced manufacturing processes and 3D printing technologies have emerged as powerful strategies for improving drug solubility and dissolution behavior. Advanced techniques such as hot-melt extrusion, spray drying, nanocrystal technology, co-crystallization, lipid-based systems, and amorphous solid dispersions enable stable formulations with enhanced solubility and scalable production. In parallel, 3D printing offers unique advantages in fabricating personalized, complex, and controlled-release dosage forms, making it an attr... More >

This article explores the successful green synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles with a sustainable approach without using toxic chemicals or external stabilizers. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were characterized, and the investigation bridged the gap among physical, morphological, and optical properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated the successful formation of a hexagonal wurtzite ZnO structure with an average crystallite size of 39.89 nm, representing high crystallinity and phase purity. The band gap energy was approximately 3.79 eV. UV-Visible results represented a strong optical absorption peak at 327 nm, proving the optical quality of the particles and exhibiting... More >

In the present work, copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles have been synthesized by a greener and more sustainable approach from neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract, which acts as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The phase composition, structural, and morphological features of the nanomaterial were thoroughly characterized by XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, FESEM, TEM, and EDS. X-ray diffraction confirmed the monoclinic formation of CuO with an average crystallite size of 16.68 nm, while FTIR spectra showed Cu-O lattice vibrations and relevant functionalities of phytochemical capping. Optical studies exhibited a unique absorption peak at 350 nm and direct band gap of 2.7 eV that indic... More >

This study aims to computationally investigate the role of WS2 as an electron transport layer (ETL) and CuI as a hole transport layer (HTL) in optimizing the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The novelty lies in systematic optimization of band gaps, layer thicknesses, and temperatures to achieve enhanced performance metrics, utilizing the unique properties of WS2 and CuI, which are less explored compared to conventional materials like TiO_2 and Spiro-OMeTAD. The optimized PSC configuration achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.71% with a fill factor (FF) of 71.80%, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.8469 V, and short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 34.06894 mA/cm^2... More >

As new and innovative products with more functions, effectiveness and efficiency are introduced to the market continuously, the lifespan of existing products and equipment are becoming shorter and shorter before they are discarded. Therefore, significant amounts of electronic waste (e-waste) are mainly disposed of in the landfill. This study investigates the recycling of e-waste and recovering precious metals from computer components based on the information available in the literature. The manual dismantling, pre-processing and smelting techniques are discussed and elaborated. Among these techniques smelting/end-processes are employed to collect metals using several methods such as hydromet... More >