This study aims to computationally investigate the role of WS2 as an electron transport layer (ETL) and CuI as a hole transport layer (HTL) in optimizing the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The novelty lies in systematic optimization of band gaps, layer thicknesses, and temperatures to achieve enhanced performance metrics, utilizing the unique properties of WS2 and CuI, which are less explored compared to conventional materials like TiO_2 and Spiro-OMeTAD. The optimized PSC configuration achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.71% with a fill factor (FF) of 71.80%, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.8469 V, and short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 34.06894 mA/cm^2... More >

As new and innovative products with more functions, effectiveness and efficiency are introduced to the market continuously, the lifespan of existing products and equipment are becoming shorter and shorter before they are discarded. Therefore, significant amounts of electronic waste (e-waste) are mainly disposed of in the landfill. This study investigates the recycling of e-waste and recovering precious metals from computer components based on the information available in the literature. The manual dismantling, pre-processing and smelting techniques are discussed and elaborated. Among these techniques smelting/end-processes are employed to collect metals using several methods such as hydromet... More >