The increasing integration of digital technologies into electric power networks has transformed traditional grids into complex cyber-physical systems. Yet, the level of digital maturity across operators remains uneven, lacking a unified assessment framework. This paper proposes a structured model for evaluating the degree of digitalization in power grids, integrating technological, organizational, and analytical dimensions. The model introduces six core domains, technological infrastructure, data and analytics, operational processes, cybersecurity, organizational culture, and distributed energy integration, each evaluated across four maturity levels. A weighted scoring system is used to comp... More >

This paper presents a procedure for calculating switching overvoltage on the main circuit breaker of a medium-voltage (MV) cable feeder, to which induction and/or synchronous generators are connected, during a three-phase short circuit. When a fault occurs, the feeder is disconnected by the circuit breaker located at its beginning. After the set operating time of the relay protection, since islanded operation is not permitted, the connected distributed generators will also be disconnected. It is shown that, during the period when the network is disconnected while the generators remain connected, the overvoltage factor reaches values between 2.2 and 2.5, depending on the types of generators a... More >

This paper proposes a Taguchi-based optimization framework for short-term load forecasting (STLF) using single-layer feedforward neural networks (SLFNs). Although SLFNs are computationally efficient, their accuracy strongly depends on proper hyperparameter configuration, which is often selected through inefficient trial-and-error procedures. The proposed approach applies orthogonal arrays and signal-to-noise analysis to identify robust and reproducible SLFN settings. A MATLAB-based load forecasting interface is developed to support data preprocessing, model selection, parameter tuning, forecasting, and performance evaluation. The methodology is validated using real historical load and meteor... More >

This paper presents a power quality analysis of a 50 MW photovoltaic (PV) power plant connected to a 220 kV overhead transmission line in a Southeast European country. The analysis covers a seven-day measurement period. Voltage quality is assessed in accordance with the requirements of the grid codes of three transmission system operators (TSOs) in Southeast Europe. In contrast, current quality was evaluated following the IEEE Std. 2800. The results show that PV power plants, as nonlinear sources of electrical energy, slightly influence power quality parameters, particularly through the generation of harmonics. Continuous monitoring of power quality parameters is important to ensure complian... More >

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the economic implications of implementing advanced loss-reduction measures in electrical distribution networks, as observed across developed economies. The study evaluates a set of technical and infrastructural interventions that have demonstrated significant potential in enhancing network efficiency and reducing operational losses. These measures encompass the large-scale deployment of smart electricity meters, the replacement of conventional distribution transformers with units employing amorphous metal cores, and the mitigation of transformer overloading through the installation of higher-rated capacity units. Additional strategies include i... More >