U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) placed sanctions on Russian petroleum companies in January 2025, but for the petroleum industry of Serbia (NIS JSC Novi Sad), they were postponed repeatedly before finally took effect on October 9, 2025. In particular, PJSC Gazprom Neft owns 44.85% of NIS JSC Novi Sad, followed by Serbian government with 29.87%, JSC Intelligence with 11.3%, and small shareholders with 13.98%. Because of this, Pančevo Oil Refinery ran out of crude oil and stopped its operation on December 2, 2025. However, NIS JSC Novi Sad produces not only petroleum derivatives but also significant amounts of electricity. Part of this electricity is used b... More >

The increasing integration of digital technologies into electric power networks has transformed traditional grids into complex cyber-physical systems. Yet, the level of digital maturity across operators remains uneven, lacking a unified assessment framework. This paper proposes a structured model for evaluating the degree of digitalization in power grids, integrating technological, organizational, and analytical dimensions. The model introduces six core domains, technological infrastructure, data and analytics, operational processes, cybersecurity, organizational culture, and distributed energy integration, each evaluated across four maturity levels. A weighted scoring system is used to comp... More >

This paper presents a procedure for calculating switching overvoltage on the main circuit breaker of a medium-voltage (MV) cable feeder, to which induction and/or synchronous generators are connected, during a three-phase short circuit. When a fault occurs, the feeder is disconnected by the circuit breaker located at its beginning. After the set operating time of the relay protection, since islanded operation is not permitted, the connected distributed generators will also be disconnected. It is shown that, during the period when the network is disconnected while the generators remain connected, the overvoltage factor reaches values between 2.2 and 2.5, depending on the types of generators a... More >

This paper proposes a Taguchi-based optimization framework for short-term load forecasting (STLF) using single-layer feedforward neural networks (SLFNs). Although SLFNs are computationally efficient, their accuracy strongly depends on proper hyperparameter configuration, which is often selected through inefficient trial-and-error procedures. The proposed approach applies orthogonal arrays and signal-to-noise analysis to identify robust and reproducible SLFN settings. A MATLAB-based load forecasting interface is developed to support data preprocessing, model selection, parameter tuning, forecasting, and performance evaluation. The methodology is validated using real historical load and meteor... More >

This paper presents a power quality analysis of a 50 MW photovoltaic (PV) power plant connected to a 220 kV overhead transmission line in a Southeast European country. The analysis covers a seven-day measurement period. Voltage quality is assessed in accordance with the requirements of the grid codes of three transmission system operators (TSOs) in Southeast Europe. In contrast, current quality was evaluated following the IEEE Std. 2800. The results show that PV power plants, as nonlinear sources of electrical energy, slightly influence power quality parameters, particularly through the generation of harmonics. Continuous monitoring of power quality parameters is important to ensure complian... More >

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the economic implications of implementing advanced loss-reduction measures in electrical distribution networks, as observed across developed economies. The study evaluates a set of technical and infrastructural interventions that have demonstrated significant potential in enhancing network efficiency and reducing operational losses. These measures encompass the large-scale deployment of smart electricity meters, the replacement of conventional distribution transformers with units employing amorphous metal cores, and the mitigation of transformer overloading through the installation of higher-rated capacity units. Additional strategies include i... More >

In the last decade, design engineers have been increasingly required to calculate the ampacities of cable lines using the finite element method (FEM) according to IEC TR 62095, especially for cases that cannot be solved analytically based on IEC 60287. In this regard, CIGRE Study Committee B1 noted in 2020 that there are many gaps in the technical report IEC TR 62095 and then published in 2025 a technical brochure. However, a certain number of those gaps still remained unaddressed. This paper proposes concrete solutions for addressing several gaps related to underground single-core power cables in trefoil formations. 110 kV single-core cables with cross-linked polyethylene insulation are con... More >

This paper analyzes the lightning protection of a 110~kV substation in a wind park, focusing on transients caused by lightning strikes to the connected 110~kV overhead line. Two configurations of surge arresters are compared: 1) application of the standard surge arresters installed in the line bay between the grounding system and phase conductors, 2) application of the surge arresters at the gantry tower. Both solutions are compared from the aspect of maximum amplitudes of lightning transients in the substation, as well as from the aspect of the energy stress of two sets of surge arresters at the 110 kV voltage level. Regarding the maximum amplitudes of lightning transients in the substati... More >

The results of numerical simulation of temperature modes of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable under transient states for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) application are presented. The pulsed electric current load in the external circuit rapidly changes with the maximum values of 1.5 kA during tens of seconds decay with a period of 1200 s that corresponds to operation modes of the ITER fusion reactor. The core temperature achieves periodic steady-state at 20000 s, which is consistent with 4-5 cable thermal constant (~ 4500 s). The numerical results obtained reveal that the skin effect plays an insignificant role on core temperature dynamics. Multiphysics mode... More >

This paper presents a Taguchi-tuned Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approach for the optimal placement and sizing of shunt capacitor banks (CBs) in unbalanced distribution systems. The optimization aims to minimize the total operational cost by reducing power losses and improving voltage profile. A systematic parameter tuning was carried out using the Taguchi method based on an L25 orthogonal array, with five PSO parameters evaluated through Signal-to-Noise (SN) ratios and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The IEEE 13-bus test feeder was used as a benchmark. The results show that the installation of four optimally placed CBs reduces active power losses by 29.6% (from 133.16 kW to 93.71 kW),... More >

ICCK Transactions on Electric Power Networks and Systems is an academic journal devoted to research and further advancement of knowledge on phenomena related to electric power systems that connect electricity generation with consumers through transmission and distribution networks. Specifically, this journal will deal with the modeling and analyses of various problems related to the generation, transmission, distribution, consumption and trade of electricity. The concepts of electric power system security, safety, stability, flexibility, reliability, restoration, resilience, planning, operation, control and protection will be interrelated and considered by authors from different perspectives... More >