The process of assigning grammatical categories, such as ``Noun'' and ``Verb,'' to every word in a text corpus is known as part-of-speech (POS) tagging. This technique is widely used in applications like sentiment analysis, machine translation, and other linguistic and computational tasks. However, the unique features of the Pashto language and its limited resources present significant challenges for POS tagging. This study explores the critical role of POS tagging in the Pashto language by employing six popular deep-learning and machine-learning techniques. Experimental results demonstrate machine learning methods' effectiveness in capturing Pashto text's grammatical patterns. The evaluatio... More >

Fake news detection has emerged as a critical challenge in the modern information ecosystem, where the rapid proliferation of misinformation threatens democratic processes, public health, and societal stability. Machine learning (ML)-based approaches have demonstrated significant promise in automatically identifying and classifying misleading information across diverse platforms. This study presents a comprehensive scientometric and systematic review of ML-based fake news detection research, drawing on 649 peer-reviewed articles indexed in the Web of Science database (1991--2023). Using bibliometric tools including R-Bibliometrix and VOSviewer, we systematically evaluate publication trends,... More >