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Hydrogen Storage Behavior of Ti-Based High-Entropy Alloys: A Review
Review Article  ·  Published: 03 August 2026
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Journal of Advanced Materials Research
Volume 2, Issue 3, 2026: 214-235
Review Article Open Access

Hydrogen Storage Behavior of Ti-Based High-Entropy Alloys: A Review

by
Jingwen Fu Jingwen Fu 1,†
Junpeng Hu Junpeng Hu 1,†
Siying Zhang Siying Zhang 1,†
Ningyue Sheng Ningyue Sheng 2,†
Tao Lu Tao Lu 1,† ORCID
Chenchen Yuan Chenchen Yuan 1 *
Yao Zhang Yao Zhang 1 * ORCID
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
2 Nantes Université, Ecole Centrale Nantes, CNRS, GeM, UMR 6183, Nantes 44000, France
† These authors contributed equally to this work
* Corresponding Authors: Chenchen Yuan, [email protected]; Yao Zhang, [email protected]
Volume 2, Issue 3
Volume 2, Issue 3 2026
Received: 04 June 2026 Revised: 08 July 2026 Accepted: 13 July 2026 Published: 03 August 2026 CrossMark
Download PDF 2.24 MB Cite Metrics
DOI: 10.62762/JAMR.2026.769952
ARK: ark:/57805/jamr.2026.769952

Article Information

Published in Journal of Advanced Materials Research
Volume/Issue Volume 2, Issue 3, 2026
Pages 214-235

Abstract

Titanium-based high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have emerged as promising solid-state hydrogen storage materials owing to their structural stability, tunable thermodynamics, and rapid kinetics. This review systematically examines the hydrogen storage behaviour of Ti-based HEAs across three structural categories: body-centered cubic (BCC) single-phase alloys, C14 Laves phase alloys, and multiphase systems containing CsCl-type structures. The high-entropy effect, severe lattice distortion, sluggish diffusion, and cocktail effect collectively enable these alloys to overcome key limitations of conventional materials, including difficult activation, poor reversibility, and insufficient cycling stability. Critical roles of constituent elements—Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Fe, and Mn—in modulating phase stability, hydrogen affinity, and kinetics are discussed. Empirical design parameters such as mixing entropy, valence electron concentration, atomic size mismatch, and electronegativity difference guide composition optimization. Advanced processing techniques, including mechanical alloying, high-pressure torsion, and melt spinning, enhance microstructural control and performance. Recent integration of CALPHAD, density functional theory, and machine learning has accelerated alloy discovery and design. Despite significant progress, challenges persist in balancing capacity with reversibility, mitigating surface oxidation, and ensuring processing consistency. This review provides a comprehensive framework for understanding structure–property relationships in Ti-based HEAs and outlines future directions toward practical hydrogen storage applications.

Graphical Abstract

Hydrogen Storage Behavior of Ti-Based High-Entropy Alloys: A Review

Keywords

Titanium-based high-entropy alloys Hydrogen storage BCC alloys C14 Laves phase alloys CsCl-type structures alloys Structure–property relationships

Data Availability Statement

Not applicable.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2023YFB4005402, and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant NSFC-NSAF, U2330111.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. 

AI Use Statement

The authors declare that no generative AI was used in the preparation of this manuscript.

Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate

Not applicable.

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Fu, J., Hu, J., Zhang, S., Sheng, N., Lu, T., Yuan, C., & Zhang, Y. (2026). Hydrogen Storage Behavior of Ti-Based High-Entropy Alloys: A Review. Journal of Advanced Materials Research, 2(3), 214-235. https://doi.org/10.62762/JAMR.2026.769952
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fu, Jingwen
AU  - Hu, Junpeng
AU  - Zhang, Siying
AU  - Sheng, Ningyue
AU  - Lu, Tao
AU  - Yuan, Chenchen
AU  - Zhang, Yao
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/08/03
TI  - Hydrogen Storage Behavior of Ti-Based High-Entropy Alloys: A Review
JO  - Journal of Advanced Materials Research
T2  - Journal of Advanced Materials Research
JF  - Journal of Advanced Materials Research
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
SP  - 214
EP  - 235
DO  - 10.62762/JAMR.2026.769952
UR  - https://www.icck.org/article/abs/JAMR.2026.769952
KW  - Titanium-based high-entropy alloys
KW  - Hydrogen storage
KW  - BCC alloys
KW  - C14 Laves phase alloys
KW  - CsCl-type structures alloys
KW  - Structure–property relationships
AB  - Titanium-based high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have emerged as promising solid-state hydrogen storage materials owing to their structural stability, tunable thermodynamics, and rapid kinetics. This review systematically examines the hydrogen storage behaviour of Ti-based HEAs across three structural categories: body-centered cubic (BCC) single-phase alloys, C14 Laves phase alloys, and multiphase systems containing CsCl-type structures. The high-entropy effect, severe lattice distortion, sluggish diffusion, and cocktail effect collectively enable these alloys to overcome key limitations of conventional materials, including difficult activation, poor reversibility, and insufficient cycling stability. Critical roles of constituent elements—Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Fe, and Mn—in modulating phase stability, hydrogen affinity, and kinetics are discussed. Empirical design parameters such as mixing entropy, valence electron concentration, atomic size mismatch, and electronegativity difference guide composition optimization. Advanced processing techniques, including mechanical alloying, high-pressure torsion, and melt spinning, enhance microstructural control and performance. Recent integration of CALPHAD, density functional theory, and machine learning has accelerated alloy discovery and design. Despite significant progress, challenges persist in balancing capacity with reversibility, mitigating surface oxidation, and ensuring processing consistency. This review provides a comprehensive framework for understanding structure–property relationships in Ti-based HEAs and outlines future directions toward practical hydrogen storage applications.
SN  - 3070-5851
PB  - Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge
LA  - English
ER  -
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@article{Fu2026Hydrogen,
  author = {Jingwen Fu and Junpeng Hu and Siying Zhang and Ningyue Sheng and Tao Lu and Chenchen Yuan and Yao Zhang},
  title = {Hydrogen Storage Behavior of Ti-Based High-Entropy Alloys: A Review},
  journal = {Journal of Advanced Materials Research},
  year = {2026},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {214-235},
  doi = {10.62762/JAMR.2026.769952},
  url = {https://www.icck.org/article/abs/JAMR.2026.769952},
  abstract = {Titanium-based high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have emerged as promising solid-state hydrogen storage materials owing to their structural stability, tunable thermodynamics, and rapid kinetics. This review systematically examines the hydrogen storage behaviour of Ti-based HEAs across three structural categories: body-centered cubic (BCC) single-phase alloys, C14 Laves phase alloys, and multiphase systems containing CsCl-type structures. The high-entropy effect, severe lattice distortion, sluggish diffusion, and cocktail effect collectively enable these alloys to overcome key limitations of conventional materials, including difficult activation, poor reversibility, and insufficient cycling stability. Critical roles of constituent elements—Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Fe, and Mn—in modulating phase stability, hydrogen affinity, and kinetics are discussed. Empirical design parameters such as mixing entropy, valence electron concentration, atomic size mismatch, and electronegativity difference guide composition optimization. Advanced processing techniques, including mechanical alloying, high-pressure torsion, and melt spinning, enhance microstructural control and performance. Recent integration of CALPHAD, density functional theory, and machine learning has accelerated alloy discovery and design. Despite significant progress, challenges persist in balancing capacity with reversibility, mitigating surface oxidation, and ensuring processing consistency. This review provides a comprehensive framework for understanding structure–property relationships in Ti-based HEAs and outlines future directions toward practical hydrogen storage applications.},
  keywords = {Titanium-based high-entropy alloys, Hydrogen storage, BCC alloys, C14 Laves phase alloys, CsCl-type structures alloys, Structure–property relationships},
  issn = {3070-5851},
  publisher = {Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge}
}

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CC BY Copyright © 2026 by the Author(s). Published by Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
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