Volume 2, Issue 1, ICCK Journal of Applied Mathematics
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ICCK Journal of Applied Mathematics, Volume 2, Issue 1, 2026: 44-63

Open Access | Research Article | 17 January 2026
Influence of Darcy-Forchheimer Effects on 3D MHD Rotating Flow of Casson Hybrid Nanofluid with Velocity Slip and Convective Boundary Conditions
1 Department of Physical and Numerical Sciences, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan
* Corresponding Author: Waqas Ahmad, [email protected]
ARK: ark:/57805/jam.2025.945696
Received: 13 November 2025, Accepted: 25 November 2025, Published: 17 January 2026  
Abstract
In order to improve heat transfer efficiency, it is essential to examine that MHD hybrid nanofluid flows behave under convective and slip boundary conditions. Researchers have looked at a variety of factors when adding hybrid nanofluids to these flows, including Forchheimer number, radiation, magnetic fields, Biot number, and the Joule heating. The novelty of the current study lies in investigating the consequences of Casson fluid in the Darcy Forchheimer flow of a three-dimensional rotating hybrid nanofluid, which have not been thoroughly covered in the literature. This includes combinations of heat sources/sinks, magnetic parameters, and radiation absorption as well as convective conditions, slip boundary conditions, and Joule heating. By shedding light on these specific components, this endeavor seeks to bridge this knowledge gap. Hybrid nanofluids disperse two distinct nanoparticles in a fluid to increase heat conductivity for industrial purposes. The bvp5c approach may be used to, after converting non-linear PDEs into non-linear ODEs with similarity variables. The velocity pattern falls with increasing magnetic, suction, and slip parameters, however the sheet temperature profile rises with increasing Eckert and radiative values. The research discovered that a stretched sheet's temperature increases with a larger magnetic field, whereas a shrinking sheet has the reverse effect. Detailed explanations of the numerical data accompanying the skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number graphs for various parameter values are provided. This work uses a new non-Newtonian three-dimensional model that offers more authentic and precise visualizations of heat transport and fluid movement than traditional two-dimensional simulations. This study, in contrast to other studies, considers the dispersion of Hybrid nanofluid, three-dimensional flow, and water as the regular fluid.

Graphical Abstract
Influence of Darcy-Forchheimer Effects on 3D MHD Rotating Flow of Casson Hybrid Nanofluid with Velocity Slip and Convective Boundary Conditions

Keywords
hybrid nanofluids
casson fluid
MHD
velocity slip
Joule heating
darcy-forchheimer

Data Availability Statement
Data will be made available on request.

Funding
This work was supported without any funding.

Conflicts of Interest
The author declares no conflicts of interest.

AI Use Statement
The author declares that no generative AI was used in the preparation of this manuscript.

Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate
Not applicable.

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Cite This Article
APA Style
Ahmad, W. (2026). Influence of Darcy-Forchheimer Effects on 3DMHDRotating Flow of Casson Hybrid Nanofluid with Velocity Slip and Convective Boundary Conditions. ICCK Journal of Applied Mathematics, 2(1), 44–63. https://doi.org/10.62762/JAM.2025.945696
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ahmad, Waqas
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/01/17
TI  - Influence of Darcy-Forchheimer Effects on 3D MHD Rotating Flow of Casson Hybrid Nanofluid with Velocity Slip and Convective Boundary Conditions
JO  - ICCK Journal of Applied Mathematics
T2  - ICCK Journal of Applied Mathematics
JF  - ICCK Journal of Applied Mathematics
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
SP  - 44
EP  - 63
DO  - 10.62762/JAM.2025.945696
UR  - https://www.icck.org/article/abs/JAM.2025.945696
KW  - hybrid nanofluids
KW  - casson fluid
KW  - MHD
KW  - velocity slip
KW  - Joule heating
KW  - darcy-forchheimer
AB  - In order to improve heat transfer efficiency, it is essential to examine that MHD hybrid nanofluid flows behave under convective and slip boundary conditions. Researchers have looked at a variety of factors when adding hybrid nanofluids to these flows, including Forchheimer number, radiation, magnetic fields, Biot number, and the Joule heating. The novelty of the current study lies in investigating the consequences of Casson fluid in the Darcy Forchheimer flow of a three-dimensional rotating hybrid nanofluid, which have not been thoroughly covered in the literature. This includes combinations of heat sources/sinks, magnetic parameters, and radiation absorption as well as convective conditions, slip boundary conditions, and Joule heating. By shedding light on these specific components, this endeavor seeks to bridge this knowledge gap. Hybrid nanofluids disperse two distinct nanoparticles in a fluid to increase heat conductivity for industrial purposes. The bvp5c approach may be used to, after converting non-linear PDEs into non-linear ODEs with similarity variables. The velocity pattern falls with increasing magnetic, suction, and slip parameters, however the sheet temperature profile rises with increasing Eckert and radiative values. The research discovered that a stretched sheet's temperature increases with a larger magnetic field, whereas a shrinking sheet has the reverse effect. Detailed explanations of the numerical data accompanying the skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number graphs for various parameter values are provided. This work uses a new non-Newtonian three-dimensional model that offers more authentic and precise visualizations of heat transport and fluid movement than traditional two-dimensional simulations. This study, in contrast to other studies, considers the dispersion of Hybrid nanofluid, three-dimensional flow, and water as the regular fluid.
SN  - 3068-5656
PB  - Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge
LA  - English
ER  - 
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@article{Ahmad2026Influence,
  author = {Waqas Ahmad},
  title = {Influence of Darcy-Forchheimer Effects on 3D MHD Rotating Flow of Casson Hybrid Nanofluid with Velocity Slip and Convective Boundary Conditions},
  journal = {ICCK Journal of Applied Mathematics},
  year = {2026},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {44-63},
  doi = {10.62762/JAM.2025.945696},
  url = {https://www.icck.org/article/abs/JAM.2025.945696},
  abstract = {In order to improve heat transfer efficiency, it is essential to examine that MHD hybrid nanofluid flows behave under convective and slip boundary conditions. Researchers have looked at a variety of factors when adding hybrid nanofluids to these flows, including Forchheimer number, radiation, magnetic fields, Biot number, and the Joule heating. The novelty of the current study lies in investigating the consequences of Casson fluid in the Darcy Forchheimer flow of a three-dimensional rotating hybrid nanofluid, which have not been thoroughly covered in the literature. This includes combinations of heat sources/sinks, magnetic parameters, and radiation absorption as well as convective conditions, slip boundary conditions, and Joule heating. By shedding light on these specific components, this endeavor seeks to bridge this knowledge gap. Hybrid nanofluids disperse two distinct nanoparticles in a fluid to increase heat conductivity for industrial purposes. The bvp5c approach may be used to, after converting non-linear PDEs into non-linear ODEs with similarity variables. The velocity pattern falls with increasing magnetic, suction, and slip parameters, however the sheet temperature profile rises with increasing Eckert and radiative values. The research discovered that a stretched sheet's temperature increases with a larger magnetic field, whereas a shrinking sheet has the reverse effect. Detailed explanations of the numerical data accompanying the skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number graphs for various parameter values are provided. This work uses a new non-Newtonian three-dimensional model that offers more authentic and precise visualizations of heat transport and fluid movement than traditional two-dimensional simulations. This study, in contrast to other studies, considers the dispersion of Hybrid nanofluid, three-dimensional flow, and water as the regular fluid.},
  keywords = {hybrid nanofluids, casson fluid, MHD, velocity slip, Joule heating, darcy-forchheimer},
  issn = {3068-5656},
  publisher = {Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge}
}

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