Cognitive Anchors in Price Interpretation: Consumer Segmentation Evidence from Credence-Based Professional Services
Research Article  ·  Published: 10 September 2026
Issue cover
Journal of Social Systems and Policy Analysis
Volume 3, Issue 3, 2026: 143-154
Research Article Open Access

Cognitive Anchors in Price Interpretation: Consumer Segmentation Evidence from Credence-Based Professional Services

1 Orkhon University, Ulaanbaatar 17042, Mongolia
2 Guangdong Vocational College of Post and Telecom, Guangzhou 510640, China
3 Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar 14191, Mongolia
4 Ministry of Environment and Climate Change, Government of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14201, Mongolia
5 University of Internal Affairs of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 13260, Mongolia
* Corresponding Author: Debao Hou, [email protected]
Volume 3, Issue 3
You have full access to this open access article · CC BY 4.0 License

Article Information

Abstract

This study moves beyond average price effects to examine systematic heterogeneity in how consumers cognitively construct meaning from ambiguous prices in credence-based professional services. We propose a dual-anchor framework---comprising the External Normative Reference Anchor (ENRA) and the Internal Value Identification Anchor (IVIA)---and validate it using survey data from 676 psychological counseling consumers. Factor and cluster analyses identify three distinct segments: Normative Anchors, Value Identifiers, and Cognitively Ambivalent consumers. These segments differ significantly in price-quality beliefs and selected perceived barriers (stigma and price sensitivity) but not in short-term choice intentions, suggesting that heterogeneity primarily shapes belief formation rather than immediate behavior. The findings advance behavioral pricing theory and provide a practical segmentation tool for tailoring pricing communications across various credence-based services. Our framework thus offers a cognitive microstructure for understanding how price signals are decoded in markets where quality is inherently unobservable, a challenge central to the governance of many professional service industries.

Graphical Abstract

Cognitive Anchors in Price Interpretation: Consumer Segmentation Evidence from Credence-Based Professional Services

Keywords

price interpretation cognitive anchors credence-based services behavioral pricing market segmentation

Data Availability Statement

Data will be made available on request.

Funding

This work was supported without any funding.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

AI Use Statement

The authors declare that DeepSeek-R1 was used for language proofreading of the entire manuscript. The authors have carefully reviewed, revised, and verified the AI-assisted output and take full responsibility for the content of the manuscript.

Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate

Formal ethical approval was not required for this study under the institutional review policies of Orkhon University applicable at the time of data collection, as the research involved non-interventional social and behavioral survey research with adult participants, did not involve clinical intervention or sensitive personal identifiable information, and posed no foreseeable risk of harm to participants. Participation in both the online survey and the semi-structured interviews conducted during the instrument-development stage was voluntary. All participants were informed of the purpose of the study, the voluntary nature of participation, their right to discontinue participation at any time, and the confidential treatment of their responses. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to participation. No personally identifiable information is reported in this article.

References

  1. Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: a means-end model and synthesis of evidence. Journal of marketing, 52(3), 2-22.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  2. Darby, M. R., & Karni, E. (1973). Free competition and the optimal amount of fraud. The Journal of law and economics, 16(1), 67-88.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  3. Enke, B., & Zimmermann, F. (2019). Correlation neglect in belief formation. The review of economic studies, 86(1), 313-332.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  4. Zong, Y., & Guo, X. (2022). An experimental study on anchoring effect of consumers’ price judgment based on consumers’ experiencing scenes. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 794135.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  5. Kahneman, D., & Frederick, S. (2002). Representativeness revisited: Attribute substitution in intuitive judgment. In T. Gilovich, D. Griffin, & D. Kahneman (Eds.), Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment (pp. 49-81). Cambridge University Press.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  6. Suchman, M. C. (1995). Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches. Academy of management review, 20(3), 571-610.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  7. Zucker, L. G. (1986). Production of trust: Institutional sources of economic structure, 1840-1920. Research in Organizational Behavior, 8, 53-111. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1988-10420-001
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Bordin, E. S. (1979). The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, research & practice, 16(3), 252-260.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  9. Shiv, B., Carmon, Z., & Ariely, D. (2005). Placebo effects of marketing actions: Consumers may get what they pay for. Journal of Marketing Research, 42(4), 383-393.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  10. Dulleck, U., & Kerschbamer, R. (2006). On doctors, mechanics, and computer specialists: The economics of credence goods. Journal of Economic Literature, 44(1), 5-42.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  11. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18(1), 39-50.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kenny, D. A., Kaniskan, B., & McCoach, D. B. (2015). The performance of RMSEA in models with small degrees of freedom. Sociological Methods & Research, 44(3), 486-507.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Cite This Article

APA Style
Hou, D., Bayasgala, T., Dashzevegn, A., & Shirchin, N. (2026). Cognitive Anchors in Price Interpretation: Consumer Segmentation Evidence from Credence-Based Professional Services. Journal of Social Systems and Policy Analysis, 3(3), 143-154. https://doi.org/10.62762/JSSPA.2026.729628
Export Citation
RIS Format
Compatible with EndNote, Zotero, Mendeley, and other reference managers
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hou, Debao
AU  - Bayasgala, Tsetsegee
AU  - Dashzevegn, Amgalan
AU  - Shirchin, Nominerdene
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/10
TI  - Cognitive Anchors in Price Interpretation: Consumer Segmentation Evidence from Credence-Based Professional Services
JO  - Journal of Social Systems and Policy Analysis
T2  - Journal of Social Systems and Policy Analysis
JF  - Journal of Social Systems and Policy Analysis
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
SP  - 143
EP  - 154
DO  - 10.62762/JSSPA.2026.729628
UR  - https://www.icck.org/article/abs/JSSPA.2026.729628
KW  - price interpretation
KW  - cognitive anchors
KW  - credence-based services
KW  - behavioral pricing
KW  - market segmentation
AB  - This study moves beyond average price effects to examine systematic heterogeneity in how consumers cognitively construct meaning from ambiguous prices in credence-based professional services. We propose a dual-anchor framework---comprising the External Normative Reference Anchor (ENRA) and the Internal Value Identification Anchor (IVIA)---and validate it using survey data from 676 psychological counseling consumers. Factor and cluster analyses identify three distinct segments: Normative Anchors, Value Identifiers, and Cognitively Ambivalent consumers. These segments differ significantly in price-quality beliefs and selected perceived barriers (stigma and price sensitivity) but not in short-term choice intentions, suggesting that heterogeneity primarily shapes belief formation rather than immediate behavior. The findings advance behavioral pricing theory and provide a practical segmentation tool for tailoring pricing communications across various credence-based services. Our framework thus offers a cognitive microstructure for understanding how price signals are decoded in markets where quality is inherently unobservable, a challenge central to the governance of many professional service industries.
SN  - 3068-5540
PB  - Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge
LA  - English
ER  - 
BibTeX Format
Compatible with LaTeX, BibTeX, and other reference managers
@article{Hou2026Cognitive,
  author = {Debao Hou and Tsetsegee Bayasgala and Amgalan Dashzevegn and Nominerdene Shirchin},
  title = {Cognitive Anchors in Price Interpretation: Consumer Segmentation Evidence from Credence-Based Professional Services},
  journal = {Journal of Social Systems and Policy Analysis},
  year = {2026},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {143-154},
  doi = {10.62762/JSSPA.2026.729628},
  url = {https://www.icck.org/article/abs/JSSPA.2026.729628},
  abstract = {This study moves beyond average price effects to examine systematic heterogeneity in how consumers cognitively construct meaning from ambiguous prices in credence-based professional services. We propose a dual-anchor framework---comprising the External Normative Reference Anchor (ENRA) and the Internal Value Identification Anchor (IVIA)---and validate it using survey data from 676 psychological counseling consumers. Factor and cluster analyses identify three distinct segments: Normative Anchors, Value Identifiers, and Cognitively Ambivalent consumers. These segments differ significantly in price-quality beliefs and selected perceived barriers (stigma and price sensitivity) but not in short-term choice intentions, suggesting that heterogeneity primarily shapes belief formation rather than immediate behavior. The findings advance behavioral pricing theory and provide a practical segmentation tool for tailoring pricing communications across various credence-based services. Our framework thus offers a cognitive microstructure for understanding how price signals are decoded in markets where quality is inherently unobservable, a challenge central to the governance of many professional service industries.},
  keywords = {price interpretation, cognitive anchors, credence-based services, behavioral pricing, market segmentation},
  issn = {3068-5540},
  publisher = {Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge}
}

Article Metrics

Citations
Crossref
0
Scopus
0
Views
10
PDF Downloads
4

Publisher's Note

ICCK stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and Permissions

CC BY Copyright © 2026 by the Author(s). Published by Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
Journal of Social Systems and Policy Analysis
Journal of Social Systems and Policy Analysis
ISSN: 3068-5540 (Online)
Portico
Preserved at
Portico