We report the synthesis of cobalt-based hexacyanoferrate (Co-HCF) via a simple co-precipitation method and its subsequent conversion to a derived oxide through thermal treatment. Comprehensive characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). XRD confirms the cubic crystal structure corresponding well to the JCPDS card no. 00-024-0327. FTIR confirms the presence of functional groups in Co-HCF, while the annealing process results in the complete removal of the cyanide ligands, yielding the derived oxide. SEM and EDX analyses confirm the cubic morpholo... More >

The layered BaCa$_4$Nb$_4$TiO$_{17}$ perovskite ceramic was synthesized via conventional solid state mixed oxide sintering process. The material was sintered in a range of 1375$^{\circ}$C to 1500$^{\circ}$C for 4~h to develop dense ceramic. Relative density of 97\% was achieved while sintering at 1450$^{\circ}$C for 4~h. The XRD data analysis confirmed single phase layered perovskite and the microstructure comprised well-connected plate-like grains with an average grain size of $\sim$5.46~$\mu$m as determined by ImageJ software. The material offers a good combination of microwave dielectric properties such as $\varepsilon_r \sim 57$, $Q_{uf} \sim 9500$~GHz and $\tau_f \sim 30$~ppm/$^{\circ}$... More >

In the present study, Na$_{0.329}$Bi$_{0.329}$Ba$_{0.042}$Sr$_{0.30}$TiO$_3$ (NBBST) and its solid solutions with Nd(Mg$_{0.5}$Ti$_{0.5}$)O$_3$ (NMT), Nd(Mg$_{2/3}$Nb$_{1/3}$)O$_3$ (NMN), and Nd(Zn$_{2/3}$Nb$_{1/3}$)O$_3$ (NZN) were synthesized and investigated. The phase composition, microstructure, dielectric properties, and impedance characteristics were analyzed for their optimized dense sintered forms. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of a single-phase perovskite structure in all compositions within the detection limit. All ceramics exhibited dense microstructures; however, the doped samples showed a reduced average grain size compared to pure NBBST. Among the composition... More >

In this study, ceramics in the 0.90Na$_{0.5}$Bi$_{0.5-x}$La$_{x}$TiO$_{3}$--0.03NaNbO$_{3}$ --0.07 Ba(Zr$_{0.2}$ Ti$_{0.8}$)O$_{3}$ series (where $x = 0.00, 0.03,$ $ 0.05, 0.07$) were processed via a solid-state reaction method. The phase, microstructural features, and dielectric properties, particularly the dielectric constant and dielectric loss, were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dielectric spectroscopic techniques, respectively. XRD analysis revealed a single perovskite phase, while SEM analysis showed a dense microstructure with reduced grain size as the $x$ content increased. The increase in doping content enhanced the relaxor characteri... More >

Cellulose, the most abundant natural polymer, is emerging as a versatile biomaterial platform for sustainable advanced electronics beyond its conventional role as a passive substrate. Its hierarchical fibrillar architecture and hydroxyl-rich chemistry enable unique combinations of mechanical compliance, interfacial reactivity, ionic transport, and optical transparency. This perspective highlights cellulose as a multifunctional system spanning structural and interfacial integration, ionic-electrochemical behavior, and optoelectronic interfaces, which together underpin its growing relevance in flexible, energy, and transparent electronic technologies. However, intrinsic coupling between hydrat... More >

Lead-free (1-$x$)K$_{0.5}$Bi$_{0.5}$TiO$_3$-$x$BiFeO$_3$ ceramics with $x = 0.1$-0.4 were prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction coupled with Rietveld refinement confirmed main perovskite phase with pseudo-cubic structure. Temperature-dependent dielectric measurements revealed broad dielectric anomalies and frequency dispersion, indicating relaxor behaviour. At 100 kHz, the highest room-temperature relative permittivity of 925 was obtained at $x = 0.2$. The highest maximum and remanent polarisation were obtained at $x = 0.3$ with 30 and 16 $\mu$C cm$^{-2}$, respectively. This work demonstrates a new lead-free solid solution for dielectric and ferroelectric applica... More >

The influence of process conditions and post-annealing treatments on the ionic transport properties of metakaolin (MK) ceramics prepared by the cold sintering process (CSP) were investigated. Within the temperature range of 120–200 °C, CSP temperature has little influence on densification and microstructure. Impedance spectroscopy revealed that all as-sintered ceramics exhibited significant ionic conduction, with bulk conductivity of approximately 0.001 S/cm at 600 °C. The associated activation energies are confined to a narrow range of 0.63–0.65 eV. In contrast, post-annealing significantly alters the electrical microstructure, giving rise to an additional grain boundary response. Aft... More >

Lead-free (1-$x$)SrTiO$_3$-$x$CaZrO$_3$ solid-solution ceramics ($x$ = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) were synthesized via the conventional solid-state route to investigate structure-microstructure-dielectric relationships. X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples confirmed single-phase formation for all compositions, forming cubic perovskite structure (space group $Pm-3m$). Raman spectra were consistent with the perovskite lattice and local vibrational features, confirming perovskite structure. SEM micrographs revealed noticeable porosity for lower CaZrO$_3$ contents ($x$ = 0.05-0.15) and a more compact morphology at higher CaZrO$_3$ content, with a slight decrease in grain size as $x$ increases... More >