Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite films filled with lead-free Ba0.8Ca0.2(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O₃ (BCZT) were prepared by solution casting, using ceramic powder made by solid-state reaction. From the weighed masses, the dry films contain 9–50 wt.% BCZT. X-ray diffraction shows semi-crystalline PVDF together with crystalline perovskite BCZT. At room temperature the relative permittivity falls with frequency for every composition and does not change monotonically with ceramic fraction. The 37.5 wt.% film has the largest permittivity, dropping from about 11.5 at the low-frequency end of the sweep to 8.2 at 5 MHz, with tan δ between 0.08 and 0.13. Polarization–electric-field (P–E) loops m... More >

A series of non-stoichiometric BaK$_{1-x}$Na$_x$Gd$_3$Fe$_5$O$_{15}$ ($x = 0.00$, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30) tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) ceramics were synthesized via solid-state reaction, cold sintering at 150$^\circ$C, and assisted sintering at 400$^\circ$C and 500$^\circ$C. XRD confirmed single-phase TTB formation. Enhanced crystallinity and sharper diffraction peaks with increasing assisted sintering temperature indicated improved grain growth and ordering. Density measurements revealed Na$^+$ substitution combined with salt-assisted processing significantly influenced densification, with BKGF-1NST$_2$ achieving the highest bulk density of 4.32g/cm$^3$. Dielectric characterization showed fre... More >

We report the synthesis of cobalt-based hexacyanoferrate (Co-HCF) via a simple co-precipitation method and its subsequent conversion to a derived oxide through thermal treatment. Comprehensive characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). XRD confirms the cubic crystal structure corresponding well to the JCPDS card no. 00-024-0327. FTIR confirms the presence of functional groups in Co-HCF, while the annealing process results in the complete removal of the cyanide ligands, yielding the derived oxide. SEM and EDX analyses confirm the cubic morpholo... More >

The layered BaCa$_4$Nb$_4$TiO$_{17}$ perovskite ceramic was synthesized via conventional solid state mixed oxide sintering process. The material was sintered in a range of 1375$^{\circ}$C to 1500$^{\circ}$C for 4~h to develop dense ceramic. Relative density of 97\% was achieved while sintering at 1450$^{\circ}$C for 4~h. The XRD data analysis confirmed single phase layered perovskite and the microstructure comprised well-connected plate-like grains with an average grain size of $\sim$5.46~$\mu$m as determined by ImageJ software. The material offers a good combination of microwave dielectric properties such as $\varepsilon_r \sim 57$, $Q_{uf} \sim 9500$~GHz and $\tau_f \sim 30$~ppm/$^{\circ}$... More >

In the present study, Na$_{0.329}$Bi$_{0.329}$Ba$_{0.042}$Sr$_{0.30}$TiO$_3$ (NBBST) and its solid solutions with Nd(Mg$_{0.5}$Ti$_{0.5}$)O$_3$ (NMT), Nd(Mg$_{2/3}$Nb$_{1/3}$)O$_3$ (NMN), and Nd(Zn$_{2/3}$Nb$_{1/3}$)O$_3$ (NZN) were synthesized and investigated. The phase composition, microstructure, dielectric properties, and impedance characteristics were analyzed for their optimized dense sintered forms. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of a single-phase perovskite structure in all compositions within the detection limit. All ceramics exhibited dense microstructures; however, the doped samples showed a reduced average grain size compared to pure NBBST. Among the composition... More >

In this study, ceramics in the 0.90Na$_{0.5}$Bi$_{0.5-x}$La$_{x}$TiO$_{3}$--0.03NaNbO$_{3}$ --0.07 Ba(Zr$_{0.2}$ Ti$_{0.8}$)O$_{3}$ series (where $x = 0.00, 0.03,$ $ 0.05, 0.07$) were processed via a solid-state reaction method. The phase, microstructural features, and dielectric properties, particularly the dielectric constant and dielectric loss, were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dielectric spectroscopic techniques, respectively. XRD analysis revealed a single perovskite phase, while SEM analysis showed a dense microstructure with reduced grain size as the $x$ content increased. The increase in doping content enhanced the relaxor characteri... More >

Cellulose, the most abundant natural polymer, is emerging as a versatile biomaterial platform for sustainable advanced electronics beyond its conventional role as a passive substrate. Its hierarchical fibrillar architecture and hydroxyl-rich chemistry enable unique combinations of mechanical compliance, interfacial reactivity, ionic transport, and optical transparency. This perspective highlights cellulose as a multifunctional system spanning structural and interfacial integration, ionic-electrochemical behavior, and optoelectronic interfaces, which together underpin its growing relevance in flexible, energy, and transparent electronic technologies. However, intrinsic coupling between hydrat... More >

Lead-free (1-$x$)K$_{0.5}$Bi$_{0.5}$TiO$_3$-$x$BiFeO$_3$ ceramics with $x = 0.1$-0.4 were prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction coupled with Rietveld refinement confirmed main perovskite phase with pseudo-cubic structure. Temperature-dependent dielectric measurements revealed broad dielectric anomalies and frequency dispersion, indicating relaxor behaviour. At 100 kHz, the highest room-temperature relative permittivity of 925 was obtained at $x = 0.2$. The highest maximum and remanent polarisation were obtained at $x = 0.3$ with 30 and 16 $\mu$C cm$^{-2}$, respectively. This work demonstrates a new lead-free solid solution for dielectric and ferroelectric applica... More >