In the present study, Na$_{0.329}$Bi$_{0.329}$Ba$_{0.042}$Sr$_{0.30}$TiO$_3$ (NBBST) and its solid solutions with Nd(Mg$_{0.5}$Ti$_{0.5}$)O$_3$ (NMT), Nd(Mg$_{2/3}$Nb$_{1/3}$)O$_3$ (NMN), and Nd(Zn$_{2/3}$Nb$_{1/3}$)O$_3$ (NZN) were synthesized and investigated. The phase composition, microstructure, dielectric properties, and impedance characteristics were analyzed for their optimized dense sintered forms. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of a single-phase perovskite structure in all compositions within the detection limit. All ceramics exhibited dense microstructures; however, the doped samples showed a reduced average grain size compared to pure NBBST. Among the composition... More >

In this study, ceramics in the 0.90Na$_{0.5}$Bi$_{0.5-x}$La$_{x}$TiO$_{3}$--0.03NaNbO$_{3}$ --0.07 Ba(Zr$_{0.2}$ Ti$_{0.8}$)O$_{3}$ series (where $x = 0.00, 0.03,$ $ 0.05, 0.07$) were processed via a solid-state reaction method. The phase, microstructural features, and dielectric properties, particularly the dielectric constant and dielectric loss, were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dielectric spectroscopic techniques, respectively. XRD analysis revealed a single perovskite phase, while SEM analysis showed a dense microstructure with reduced grain size as the $x$ content increased. The increase in doping content enhanced the relaxor characteri... More >

Cellulose, the most abundant natural polymer, is emerging as a versatile biomaterial platform for sustainable advanced electronics beyond its conventional role as a passive substrate. Its hierarchical fibrillar architecture and hydroxyl-rich chemistry enable unique combinations of mechanical compliance, interfacial reactivity, ionic transport, and optical transparency. This perspective highlights cellulose as a multifunctional system spanning structural and interfacial integration, ionic-electrochemical behavior, and optoelectronic interfaces, which together underpin its growing relevance in flexible, energy, and transparent electronic technologies. However, intrinsic coupling between hydrat... More >

Lead-free (1-$x$)K$_{0.5}$Bi$_{0.5}$TiO$_3$-$x$BiFeO$_3$ ceramics with $x = 0.1$-0.4 were prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction coupled with Rietveld refinement confirmed main perovskite phase with pseudo-cubic structure. Temperature-dependent dielectric measurements revealed broad dielectric anomalies and frequency dispersion, indicating relaxor behaviour. At 100 kHz, the highest room-temperature relative permittivity of 925 was obtained at $x = 0.2$. The highest maximum and remanent polarisation were obtained at $x = 0.3$ with 30 and 16 $\mu$C cm$^{-2}$, respectively. This work demonstrates a new lead-free solid solution for dielectric and ferroelectric applica... More >

The influence of process conditions and post-annealing treatments on the ionic transport properties of metakaolin (MK) ceramics prepared by the cold sintering process (CSP) were investigated. Within the temperature range of 120–200 °C, CSP temperature has little influence on densification and microstructure. Impedance spectroscopy revealed that all as-sintered ceramics exhibited significant ionic conduction, with bulk conductivity of approximately 0.001 S/cm at 600 °C. The associated activation energies are confined to a narrow range of 0.63–0.65 eV. In contrast, post-annealing significantly alters the electrical microstructure, giving rise to an additional grain boundary response. Aft... More >

Lead-free (1-$x$)SrTiO$_3$-$x$CaZrO$_3$ solid-solution ceramics ($x$ = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) were synthesized via the conventional solid-state route to investigate structure-microstructure-dielectric relationships. X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples confirmed single-phase formation for all compositions, forming cubic perovskite structure (space group $Pm-3m$). Raman spectra were consistent with the perovskite lattice and local vibrational features, confirming perovskite structure. SEM micrographs revealed noticeable porosity for lower CaZrO$_3$ contents ($x$ = 0.05-0.15) and a more compact morphology at higher CaZrO$_3$ content, with a slight decrease in grain size as $x$ increases... More >

Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composites with high loadings (50-65 wt%) of waste-derived fillers—alum sludge (AS), an inorganic water treatment residue, and wood dust (WD), a lignocellulosic timber by-product—were prepared via melt compounding and compression moulding without compatibilisers. Mechanical, thermal, and dielectric properties were systematically characterised. Increasing filler loading enhanced Young’s modulus but reduced elongation and impact resistance due to restricted chain mobility and stress concentration. Dielectric behaviour differed markedly between the two systems: AS composites exhibited progressive increases in relative permittivity (up to ~70%) attributed... More >

In this work, \((1-x)\text{Ba}_{0.85}\text{Ca}_{0.15}\text{Ti}_{0.9}\text{Zr}_{0.1}\text{O}_{3} - x\text{Sr}_{0.7}\text{Bi}_{0.2}\text{TiO}_{3}\) (BCZT–SBT) ceramics with \( x = 0 \) and \( x = 0.025 \) were prepared through the conventional solid-state route. The samples were calcined at \(1200\,^{\circ}\text{C}\) for \(6\,\text{h}\), then re-milled, pressed into pellets, and sintered at \(1325\,^{\circ}\text{C}\) for \(6\,\text{h}\). XRD patterns indicate the formation of a cubic perovskite structure. A small decrease in lattice parameter is observed upon introducing SBT (\(a\) decreases from \(4.0176\,\text{Å}\) to \(4.0149\,\text{Å}\)), accompanied by a slight reduction in unit-cell... More >