Volume 2, Issue 1, Journal of Advanced Electronic Materials
Volume 2, Issue 1, 2026
Submit Manuscript Edit a Special Issue
Article QR Code
Article QR Code
Scan the QR code for reading
Popular articles
Journal of Advanced Electronic Materials, Volume 2, Issue 1, 2026: 1-7

Open Access | Research Article | 28 February 2026
Electronic Structure, Optical and Thermoelectric Properties of Li\(_2\)AgSbX\(_6\) (X = F, Cl, Br, I) Double Perovskites
1 Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
* Corresponding Author: Amir Sohail, [email protected]
ARK: ark:/57805/jaem.2026.936533
Received: 20 February 2026, Accepted: 27 February 2026, Published: 28 February 2026  
Abstract
Halide double perovskites offer wide compositional flexibility and are being explored for energy-related applications. In this work, the structural, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of Li\(_2\)AgSbX\(_6\) (X = F, Cl, Br, I) were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) within the WIEN2k package. Structural optimization shows a systematic increase in lattice parameter from F → I, accompanied by a decrease in bulk modulus, indicating higher compressibility for the heavier-halide compounds. Electronic-structure calculations within PBE-GGA identify all compositions as indirect-gap semiconductors, with band gaps decreasing across the series: 1.599 eV (F), 1.389 eV (Cl), 0.509 eV (Br), and 0.307 eV (I). Density-of-states analysis indicates that the valence band is dominated mainly by Ag and halogen states, while the conduction band is largely governed by Li and Sb contributions. Optical spectra derived from the calculated electronic structure (dielectric function and related optical constants) show strong optical activity and absorption spanning the visible-to-UV range, with the response shifting to lower photon energies for heavier halides. Thermoelectric transport coefficients were evaluated using BoltzTraP within the constant relaxation-time framework (\(\sigma / \tau\), \(\kappa_e / \tau\), S, and \(S^2 \sigma / \tau\)), and the reported ZT trend indicates that Li\(_2\)AgSbCl\(_6\) exhibits the most favorable and temperature-stable thermoelectric performance in the presented dataset (\(ZT \approx 1\)), whereas the I-based compound shows a pronounced reduction at elevated temperature. The Seebeck trends indicate p-type behavior for Li\(_2\)AgSbF\(_6\) and Li\(_2\)AgSbBr\(_6\) and n-type behavior for Li\(_2\)AgSbCl\(_6\) and Li\(_2\)AgSbI\(_6\) under the adopted transport conditions.

Graphical Abstract
Electronic Structure, Optical and Thermoelectric Properties of Li\(_2\)AgSbX\(_6\) (X = F, Cl, Br, I) Double Perovskites

Keywords
double perovskites
electronic properties
thermoelectric properties
optoelectronics

Data Availability Statement
Data will be made available on request.

Funding
This work was supported without any funding.

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

AI Use Statement
The authors declare that no generative AI was used in the preparation of this manuscript.

Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate
Not applicable.

References
  1. Smestad, G., & Ries, H. (1992). Luminescence and current-voltage characteristics of solar cells and optoelectronic devices. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 25(1-2), 51-71.
    [CrossRef]   [Google Scholar]
  2. Zhang, L., Mei, L., Wang, K., Lv, Y., Zhang, S., Lian, Y., ... & Ding, L. (2023). Advances in the application of perovskite materials. Nano-Micro Letters, 15(1), 177.
    [CrossRef]   [Google Scholar]
  3. Loi, M. A., & Hummelen, J. C. (2013). Hybrid solar cells: perovskites under the sun. Nature materials, 12(12), 1087-1089.
    [CrossRef]   [Google Scholar]
  4. Dai, J., Ma, L., Ju, M., Huang, J., & Zeng, X. C. (2017). In-and Ga-based inorganic double perovskites with direct bandgaps for photovoltaic applications. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 19(32), 21691-21695.
    [CrossRef]   [Google Scholar]
  5. Slavney, A. H., Hu, T., Lindenberg, A. M., & Karunadasa, H. I. (2016). A bismuth-halide double perovskite with long carrier recombination lifetime for photovoltaic applications. Journal of the American chemical society, 138(7), 2138-2141.
    [CrossRef]   [Google Scholar]
  6. Wei, F., Deng, Z., Sun, S., Xie, F., Kieslich, G., Evans, D. M., ... & Cheetham, A. K. (2016). The synthesis, structure and electronic properties of a lead-free hybrid inorganic–organic double perovskite (MA) 2 KBiCl 6 (MA= methylammonium). Materials Horizons, 3(4), 328-332.
    [CrossRef]   [Google Scholar]
  7. Nazir, S., Ayyaz, A., Alshihri, A. A., Zayed, O., Al-Daraghmeh, T. M., Alqorashi, A. K., ... & Mahmood, Q. (2024). Study of Mechanical, Optoelectronic, and thermoelectric aspects of lithium-based double perovskites Li2AgSbX6 (X= Cl, Br, I) for energy harvesting applications. Materials Science and Engineering: B, 309, 117651.
    [CrossRef]   [Google Scholar]
  8. Harbi, A., Bouhmaidi, S., Pingak, R. K., Setti, L., & Moutaabbid, M. (2023). First-principles calculations to investigate optoelectronic, thermoelectric and elastic properties of novel lead-free halide perovskites CsRbPtX6 (X= Cl, Br and I) compounds for solar cells applications. Physica B: Condensed Matter, 668, 415242.
    [CrossRef]   [Google Scholar]
  9. Ayyaz, A., Alkhaldi, H. D., Almashnowi, M. Y., Sfina, N., Anbarasan, R., Mera, A., & Mahmood, Q. (2024). Revealing elastic, thermophysical, optoelectronic, and transport characteristics of halide double perovskites Na2TlSbZ6 (Z= Cl/Br/I) for eco-friendly technologies: DFT analysis. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 170, 113220.
    [CrossRef]   [Google Scholar]
  10. Ayyaz, A., Zaman, M., Alkhaldi, H. D., Ali, H. I., Boukhris, I., Bouzgarrou, S., Al-Anazy, M. M., & Mahmood, Q. (2025). Computational screening of appealing perspectives of indium-based halide double perovskites In2AgSbX6 (X= Cl, Br, and I) for energy harvesting technologies. RSC Advances, 15(15), 11128-11145.
    [CrossRef]   [Google Scholar]
  11. Blaha, P., Schwarz, K., Tran, F., Laskowski, R., Madsen, G. K. H., & Marks, L. D. (2020). WIEN2k: An APW+lo program for calculating the properties of solids. Journal of Chemical Physics, 152(7), 074101.
    [CrossRef]   [Google Scholar]
  12. Alotaibi, N. H., Mustafa, G. M., Kattan, N. A., Mahmood, Q., Albalawi, H., Morsi, M., Somaily, H. H., Hafez, M. A., Mahmoud, H. I., & Amin, M. A. (2022). DFT study of double perovskites Cs2AgBiX6 (X= Cl, Br): an alternative of hybrid perovskites. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 313, 123353.
    [CrossRef]   [Google Scholar]
  13. Sajjad, A., Faizan, M., Alrebdi, T. A., Murtaza, G., Rehman, J., Shen, X., ... & Khan, S. H. (2025). Exploring double perovskites Cs 2 AgSbX 6 (X= Cl, Br, and I) as promising optoelectronic and thermoelectric materials: a first-principles study. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 27(9), 4880-4891.
    [CrossRef]   [Google Scholar]

Cite This Article
APA Style
Gul, S., & Sohail, A. (2026). Electronic Structure, Optical and Thermoelectric Properties of Li2AgSbX6 (X = F, Cl, Br, I) Double Perovskites. Journal of Advanced Electronic Materials, 2(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.62762/JAEM.2026.936533
Export Citation
RIS Format
Compatible with EndNote, Zotero, Mendeley, and other reference managers
RIS format data for reference managers
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gul, Seema
AU  - Sohail, Amir
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/02/28
TI  - Electronic Structure, Optical and Thermoelectric Properties of Li\(_2\)AgSbX\(_6\) (X = F, Cl, Br, I) Double Perovskites
JO  - Journal of Advanced Electronic Materials
T2  - Journal of Advanced Electronic Materials
JF  - Journal of Advanced Electronic Materials
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
DO  - 10.62762/JAEM.2026.936533
UR  - https://www.icck.org/article/abs/JAEM.2026.936533
KW  - double perovskites
KW  - electronic properties
KW  - thermoelectric properties
KW  - optoelectronics
AB  - Halide double perovskites offer wide compositional flexibility and are being explored for energy-related applications. In this work, the structural, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of Li\(_2\)AgSbX\(_6\) (X = F, Cl, Br, I) were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) within the WIEN2k package. Structural optimization shows a systematic increase in lattice parameter from F → I, accompanied by a decrease in bulk modulus, indicating higher compressibility for the heavier-halide compounds. Electronic-structure calculations within PBE-GGA identify all compositions as indirect-gap semiconductors, with band gaps decreasing across the series: 1.599 eV (F), 1.389 eV (Cl), 0.509 eV (Br), and 0.307 eV (I). Density-of-states analysis indicates that the valence band is dominated mainly by Ag and halogen states, while the conduction band is largely governed by Li and Sb contributions. Optical spectra derived from the calculated electronic structure (dielectric function and related optical constants) show strong optical activity and absorption spanning the visible-to-UV range, with the response shifting to lower photon energies for heavier halides. Thermoelectric transport coefficients were evaluated using BoltzTraP within the constant relaxation-time framework (\(\sigma / \tau\), \(\kappa_e / \tau\), S, and \(S^2 \sigma / \tau\)), and the reported ZT trend indicates that Li\(_2\)AgSbCl\(_6\) exhibits the most favorable and temperature-stable thermoelectric performance in the presented dataset (\(ZT \approx 1\)), whereas the I-based compound shows a pronounced reduction at elevated temperature. The Seebeck trends indicate p-type behavior for Li\(_2\)AgSbF\(_6\) and Li\(_2\)AgSbBr\(_6\) and n-type behavior for Li\(_2\)AgSbCl\(_6\) and Li\(_2\)AgSbI\(_6\) under the adopted transport conditions.
SN  - 3070-5649
PB  - Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge
LA  - English
ER  - 
BibTeX Format
Compatible with LaTeX, BibTeX, and other reference managers
BibTeX format data for LaTeX and reference managers
@article{Gul2026Electronic,
  author = {Seema Gul and Amir Sohail},
  title = {Electronic Structure, Optical and Thermoelectric Properties of Li\(\_2\)AgSbX\(\_6\) (X = F, Cl, Br, I) Double Perovskites},
  journal = {Journal of Advanced Electronic Materials},
  year = {2026},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-7},
  doi = {10.62762/JAEM.2026.936533},
  url = {https://www.icck.org/article/abs/JAEM.2026.936533},
  abstract = {Halide double perovskites offer wide compositional flexibility and are being explored for energy-related applications. In this work, the structural, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of Li\(\_2\)AgSbX\(\_6\) (X = F, Cl, Br, I) were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) within the WIEN2k package. Structural optimization shows a systematic increase in lattice parameter from F → I, accompanied by a decrease in bulk modulus, indicating higher compressibility for the heavier-halide compounds. Electronic-structure calculations within PBE-GGA identify all compositions as indirect-gap semiconductors, with band gaps decreasing across the series: 1.599 eV (F), 1.389 eV (Cl), 0.509 eV (Br), and 0.307 eV (I). Density-of-states analysis indicates that the valence band is dominated mainly by Ag and halogen states, while the conduction band is largely governed by Li and Sb contributions. Optical spectra derived from the calculated electronic structure (dielectric function and related optical constants) show strong optical activity and absorption spanning the visible-to-UV range, with the response shifting to lower photon energies for heavier halides. Thermoelectric transport coefficients were evaluated using BoltzTraP within the constant relaxation-time framework (\(\sigma / \tau\), \(\kappa\_e / \tau\), S, and \(S^2 \sigma / \tau\)), and the reported ZT trend indicates that Li\(\_2\)AgSbCl\(\_6\) exhibits the most favorable and temperature-stable thermoelectric performance in the presented dataset (\(ZT \approx 1\)), whereas the I-based compound shows a pronounced reduction at elevated temperature. The Seebeck trends indicate p-type behavior for Li\(\_2\)AgSbF\(\_6\) and Li\(\_2\)AgSbBr\(\_6\) and n-type behavior for Li\(\_2\)AgSbCl\(\_6\) and Li\(\_2\)AgSbI\(\_6\) under the adopted transport conditions.},
  keywords = {double perovskites, electronic properties, thermoelectric properties, optoelectronics},
  issn = {3070-5649},
  publisher = {Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge}
}

Article Metrics
Citations:

Crossref

0

Scopus

0

Web of Science

0
Article Access Statistics:
Views: 20
PDF Downloads: 5

Publisher's Note
ICCK stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and Permissions
CC BY Copyright © 2026 by the Author(s). Published by Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
Journal of Advanced Electronic Materials

Journal of Advanced Electronic Materials

ISSN: 3070-5649 (Online)

Email: [email protected]

Portico

Portico

All published articles are preserved here permanently:
https://www.portico.org/publishers/icck/