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Modeling of Measured Physical Properties and Determination of Chemical Composition of Black Tamarind (Dialium Guineense) Seed
Research Article | Published: 26 September 2025
Agricultural Science and Food Processing Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025: 123-132
Volume 2, Issue 3, Agricultural Science and Food Processing
Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025
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Agricultural Science and Food Processing, Volume 2, Issue 3, 2025: 123-132

Open Access | Research Article | 26 September 2025
Modeling of Measured Physical Properties and Determination of Chemical Composition of Black Tamarind (Dialium Guineense) Seed
by
James Chinaka Ehiem James Chinaka Ehiem 1 *
Paul Tosin Paul Tosin 1
Augustine O. Igbozulike Augustine O. Igbozulike 1
Okechukwu Oduma Okechukwu Oduma 1
Oduma I. Okoro Oduma I. Okoro 2
1 Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umuahia 440109, Nigeria
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umuahia 440109, Nigeria
* Corresponding Author: James Chinaka Ehiem, [email protected]
DOI: 10.62762/ASFP.2025.430476
ARK: ark:/57805/asfp.2025.430476
Received: 08 July 2025, Accepted: 04 September 2025, Published: 26 September 2025  
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Abstract
Modeling of physical properties and determination of the chemical composition of BTS were studied at 12.25% wet basis. Mass correlation with principal dimensions was modeled and evaluated using statistical parameters including chi-square ($\chi^2$), coefficient of determination (R$^2$), root mean square error (RMSE), and standard error (SE). Chemical properties were analyzed using standard techniques. Results showed mean values of seed mass, major, intermediate, and minor diameters of 0.18$\pm$0.02 g, 0.85$\pm$0.007 mm, 0.73$\pm$0.074 mm, and 0.38$\pm$0.046 mm, respectively. The seed was spherical (72.64%) with mean aspect ratio (1.17$\pm$0.124), ellipsoid ratio (2.27$\pm$0.31), and eccentricity (0.4768$\pm$0.16). The correlation of mass with intermediate diameter, and with the interaction of intermediate and minor diameters, produced the best non-linear regression models. The intermediate diameter model yielded the highest R² (98%) and lowest $\chi^2$ (2.4 $\times$ 10$^{-5}$). The interaction model achieved R² of 99% with the lowest RMSE (0.0032), $\chi^2$ (0.0029), and SE (1.04 $\times$ 10$^{-5}$) for predicting seed mass. Proximate and phytochemical compositions were not significantly different ($p>0.05$) from recommended levels by WHO and NAFDAC. This study provides a basis for developing standardized, cost-effective processing methods to enhance market value and ensure compliance with international quality standards.
Graphical Abstract
Modeling of Measured Physical Properties and Determination of Chemical Composition of Black Tamarind (Dialium Guineense) Seed
Keywords
modelling
seed
physical properties
measurement
composition
Data Availability Statement
Data will be made available on request.
Funding
This work was supported without any funding.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate
Not applicable.
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Cite This Article
APA Style
Ehiem, J. C., Tosin, P., Igbozurike, A. O., Oduma, O., & Okoro, O. I. (2025). Modeling of Measured Physical Properties and Determination of Chemical Composition of Black Tamarind (Dialium Guineense) Seed. Agricultural Science and Food Processing, 2(3), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.62762/ASFP.2025.430476
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ehiem, James Chinaka
AU  - Tosin, Paul
AU  - Igbozulike, Augustine O.
AU  - Oduma, Okechukwu
AU  - Okoro, Oduma I.
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/09/26
TI  - Modeling of Measured Physical Properties and Determination of Chemical Composition of Black Tamarind (Dialium Guineense) Seed
JO  - Agricultural Science and Food Processing
T2  - Agricultural Science and Food Processing
JF  - Agricultural Science and Food Processing
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
SP  - 123
EP  - 132
DO  - 10.62762/ASFP.2025.430476
UR  - https://www.icck.org/article/abs/ASFP.2025.430476
KW  - modelling
KW  - seed
KW  - physical properties
KW  - measurement
KW  - composition
AB  - Modeling of physical properties and determination of the chemical composition of BTS were studied at 12.25% wet basis. Mass correlation with principal dimensions was modeled and evaluated using statistical parameters including chi-square ($\chi^2$), coefficient of determination (R$^2$), root mean square error (RMSE), and standard error (SE). Chemical properties were analyzed using standard techniques. Results showed mean values of seed mass, major, intermediate, and minor diameters of 0.18$\pm$0.02 g, 0.85$\pm$0.007 mm, 0.73$\pm$0.074 mm, and 0.38$\pm$0.046 mm, respectively. The seed was spherical (72.64%) with mean aspect ratio (1.17$\pm$0.124), ellipsoid ratio (2.27$\pm$0.31), and eccentricity (0.4768$\pm$0.16). The correlation of mass with intermediate diameter, and with the interaction of intermediate and minor diameters, produced the best non-linear regression models. The intermediate diameter model yielded the highest R² (98%) and lowest $\chi^2$ (2.4 $\times$ 10$^{-5}$). The interaction model achieved R² of 99% with the lowest RMSE (0.0032), $\chi^2$ (0.0029), and SE (1.04 $\times$ 10$^{-5}$) for predicting seed mass. Proximate and phytochemical compositions were not significantly different ($p>0.05$) from recommended levels by WHO and NAFDAC. This study provides a basis for developing standardized, cost-effective processing methods to enhance market value and ensure compliance with international quality standards.
SN  - 3066-1579
PB  - Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge
LA  - English
ER  -
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@article{Ehiem2025Modeling,
  author = {James Chinaka Ehiem and Paul Tosin and Augustine O. Igbozulike and Okechukwu Oduma and Oduma I. Okoro},
  title = {Modeling of Measured Physical Properties and Determination of Chemical Composition of Black Tamarind (Dialium Guineense) Seed},
  journal = {Agricultural Science and Food Processing},
  year = {2025},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {123-132},
  doi = {10.62762/ASFP.2025.430476},
  url = {https://www.icck.org/article/abs/ASFP.2025.430476},
  abstract = {Modeling of physical properties and determination of the chemical composition of BTS were studied at 12.25\% wet basis. Mass correlation with principal dimensions was modeled and evaluated using statistical parameters including chi-square (\$\chi^2\$), coefficient of determination (R\$^2\$), root mean square error (RMSE), and standard error (SE). Chemical properties were analyzed using standard techniques. Results showed mean values of seed mass, major, intermediate, and minor diameters of 0.18\$\pm\$0.02 g, 0.85\$\pm\$0.007 mm, 0.73\$\pm\$0.074 mm, and 0.38\$\pm\$0.046 mm, respectively. The seed was spherical (72.64\%) with mean aspect ratio (1.17\$\pm\$0.124), ellipsoid ratio (2.27\$\pm\$0.31), and eccentricity (0.4768\$\pm\$0.16). The correlation of mass with intermediate diameter, and with the interaction of intermediate and minor diameters, produced the best non-linear regression models. The intermediate diameter model yielded the highest R² (98\%) and lowest \$\chi^2\$ (2.4 \$\times\$ 10\$^{-5}\$). The interaction model achieved R² of 99\% with the lowest RMSE (0.0032), \$\chi^2\$ (0.0029), and SE (1.04 \$\times\$ 10\$^{-5}\$) for predicting seed mass. Proximate and phytochemical compositions were not significantly different (\$p>0.05\$) from recommended levels by WHO and NAFDAC. This study provides a basis for developing standardized, cost-effective processing methods to enhance market value and ensure compliance with international quality standards.},
  keywords = {modelling, seed, physical properties, measurement, composition},
  issn = {3066-1579},
  publisher = {Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge}
}
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