Volume 1, Issue 1, PWU Journal of Research, Innovation, and Transformation
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PWU Journal of Research, Innovation, and Transformation, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2026: 39-48

Open Access | Research Article | 05 March 2026
Correlation of Depression and Social Support with Diet Non-adherence among Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients of Selected Hospitals in Quezon City, Philippines
1 School of Nutrition, Philippine Women's University, Manila 1004, Philippines
* Corresponding Author: Roland Alicer Castro, [email protected]
ARK: ark:/57805/jrit.2025.170937
Received: 22 October 2025, Accepted: 24 January 2026, Published: 05 March 2026  
Abstract
Previous studies showed estimated prevalence of diet non-adherence among maintenance hemodialysis patients ranged from 10.6 to 60.2\%. Aside from the varying range of diet non-adherence worldwide, there is no gold-standard in defining diet non-adherence which emphasizes the need to look into various parameters of diet non-adherence such as medications, socioeconomic factors, depression, social support, etc. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the following: 1. Correlation of depression with diet non-adherence of maintenance hemodialysis patients; 2. Correlation of social support with diet non-adherence of maintenance hemodialysis patients of 24 maintenance hemodialysis patients from 2 hemodialysis centers in Quezon City, Philippines. Significant moderate positive correlations were shown between mild depression and mild deviation in diet non-adherence (r$_s$ = 0.519, p = 0.009) and between severe depression and very severe deviation in diet non-adherence (r$_s$ = 0.552, p = 0.005). There was significant strong negative correlation between “significant other” and no deviation in diet non-adherence (r$_s$ = -0.662, p = 0.000). Single marital status showed significant moderate negative correlation with moderate deviation in diet non-adherence (r$_s$ = -0.548, p = 0.006). There was significant moderate negative correlation between low income category and very severe deviation in diet non-adherence (r$_s$ = -0.466, p = 0.022). Depression was positively linked with diet non-adherence. Those who are single, having low income, and support from the “significant other” may be more likely to adhere to diet restrictions. This study’s findings can be considered in formulating maintenance hemodialysis patient’s dietary interventions. However, judicious and critical analysis are needed for interpreting this study’s findings due to its small sample size. Additionally, future research may consider expanded sample size to increase generalizability of findings.

Graphical Abstract
Correlation of Depression and Social Support with Diet Non-adherence among Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients of Selected Hospitals in Quezon City, Philippines

Keywords
depression
social support
diet non-adherence
maintenance hemodialysis

Data Availability Statement
Data will be made available on request.

Funding
This work was supported without any funding.

Conflicts of Interest
One of the authors (R.A.C.) was employed at one of the study sites during the period of data collection. All necessary institutional approvals were obtained prior to conducting the study, and the research procedures were carried out in accordance with the ethical guidelines and administrative regulations of the respective institution. The authors declare that this affiliation did not influence the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation of results, or the decision to publish the findings.

AI Use Statement
The authors declare that no generative AI was used in the preparation of this manuscript.

Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate
This study involved human participants who were maintenance hemodialysis patients. Ethics review and approval was given by the Philippine Women’s University – Research and Development Office: Ethics Review Committee with the protocol number: ERB2024_190 .

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Cite This Article
APA Style
Castro, R. A., & Angbengo, J. M. (2026). Correlation of Depression and Social Support with Diet Non-adherence among Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients of Selected Hospitals in Quezon City, Philippines. PWU Journal of Research, Innovation, and Transformation, 1(1), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.62762/JRIT.2025.170937
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Castro, Roland Alicer
AU  - Angbengo, Jose Maria
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/03/05
TI  - Correlation of Depression and Social Support with Diet Non-adherence among Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients of Selected Hospitals in Quezon City, Philippines
JO  - PWU Journal of Research, Innovation, and Transformation
T2  - PWU Journal of Research, Innovation, and Transformation
JF  - PWU Journal of Research, Innovation, and Transformation
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
SP  - 39
EP  - 48
DO  - 10.62762/JRIT.2025.170937
UR  - https://www.icck.org/article/abs/JRIT.2025.170937
KW  - depression
KW  - social support
KW  - diet non-adherence
KW  - maintenance hemodialysis
AB  - Previous studies showed estimated prevalence of diet non-adherence among maintenance hemodialysis patients ranged from 10.6 to 60.2\%. Aside from the varying range of diet non-adherence worldwide, there is no gold-standard in defining diet non-adherence which emphasizes the need to look into various parameters of diet non-adherence such as medications, socioeconomic factors, depression, social support, etc. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the following: 1. Correlation of depression with diet non-adherence of maintenance hemodialysis patients; 2. Correlation of social support with diet non-adherence of maintenance hemodialysis patients of 24 maintenance hemodialysis patients from 2 hemodialysis centers in Quezon City, Philippines. Significant moderate positive correlations were shown between mild depression and mild deviation in diet non-adherence (r$_s$ = 0.519, p = 0.009) and between severe depression and very severe deviation in diet non-adherence (r$_s$ = 0.552, p = 0.005). There was significant strong negative correlation between “significant other” and no deviation in diet non-adherence (r$_s$ = -0.662, p = 0.000). Single marital status showed significant moderate negative correlation with moderate deviation in diet non-adherence (r$_s$ = -0.548, p = 0.006). There was significant moderate negative correlation between low income category and very severe deviation in diet non-adherence (r$_s$ = -0.466, p = 0.022). Depression was positively linked with diet non-adherence. Those who are single, having low income, and support from the “significant other” may be more likely to adhere to diet restrictions. This study’s findings can be considered in formulating maintenance hemodialysis patient’s dietary interventions. However, judicious and critical analysis are needed for interpreting this study’s findings due to its small sample size. Additionally, future research may consider expanded sample size to increase generalizability of findings.
SN  - pending
PB  - Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge
LA  - English
ER  - 
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@article{Castro2026Correlatio,
  author = {Roland Alicer Castro and Jose Maria Angbengo},
  title = {Correlation of Depression and Social Support with Diet Non-adherence among Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients of Selected Hospitals in Quezon City, Philippines},
  journal = {PWU Journal of Research, Innovation, and Transformation},
  year = {2026},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {39-48},
  doi = {10.62762/JRIT.2025.170937},
  url = {https://www.icck.org/article/abs/JRIT.2025.170937},
  abstract = {Previous studies showed estimated prevalence of diet non-adherence among maintenance hemodialysis patients ranged from 10.6 to 60.2\\%. Aside from the varying range of diet non-adherence worldwide, there is no gold-standard in defining diet non-adherence which emphasizes the need to look into various parameters of diet non-adherence such as medications, socioeconomic factors, depression, social support, etc. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the following: 1. Correlation of depression with diet non-adherence of maintenance hemodialysis patients; 2. Correlation of social support with diet non-adherence of maintenance hemodialysis patients of 24 maintenance hemodialysis patients from 2 hemodialysis centers in Quezon City, Philippines. Significant moderate positive correlations were shown between mild depression and mild deviation in diet non-adherence (r\$\_s\$ = 0.519, p = 0.009) and between severe depression and very severe deviation in diet non-adherence (r\$\_s\$ = 0.552, p = 0.005). There was significant strong negative correlation between “significant other” and no deviation in diet non-adherence (r\$\_s\$ = -0.662, p = 0.000). Single marital status showed significant moderate negative correlation with moderate deviation in diet non-adherence (r\$\_s\$ = -0.548, p = 0.006). There was significant moderate negative correlation between low income category and very severe deviation in diet non-adherence (r\$\_s\$ = -0.466, p = 0.022). Depression was positively linked with diet non-adherence. Those who are single, having low income, and support from the “significant other” may be more likely to adhere to diet restrictions. This study’s findings can be considered in formulating maintenance hemodialysis patient’s dietary interventions. However, judicious and critical analysis are needed for interpreting this study’s findings due to its small sample size. Additionally, future research may consider expanded sample size to increase generalizability of findings.},
  keywords = {depression, social support, diet non-adherence, maintenance hemodialysis},
  issn = {pending},
  publisher = {Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge}
}

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CC BY Copyright © 2026 by the Author(s). Published by Institute of Central Computation and Knowledge. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
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